NUR 254 EXAM 3 SCRIPT COMPLETE
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ Infants have increased HR to:
Answer: Keep up with metabolic demand
Maintain cardiac output
Infants have little cardiac reserve because muscle fibers can't
stretch enough to increase stroke volume so they increase heart
rate and Cardiac output
Blood pressure begins low then increases with age
◉ Acyanotic
Answer: left to right shunt
Pink
Increase pulmonary blood flow (PDA, ASD, VSD)
Obstruction to blood flow from ventricles (CoArc, Aortic Stenosis,
Pulmonic Stenosis)
◉ Cyanotic
Answer: right to left shunt- blue
Decrease pulmonary blood flow (TOF, Tricuspid Atresia)
Mixed blood Flow (TGA/TGV, HLHS)
, ◉ patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
Answer: *ACYANOTIC - left to right shunting - increased
pulmonary bloodflow*
Ductus arteriosus fails to close normally in an infant soon after
birth
Machine like Murmur
May be asymptomatic
Administer Indomethacin
◉ Transposition of Great Vessels
Answer: Cyanotic
Septal defects or PDA
Life threatening require surgery in the 1st week of life
Treatment- PGE
Vital Signs with pulses & BP on all 4 extremities
Monitor for CHF
◉ Heart Failure
Answer: Early signs- increase respiratory rate, poor feeding
Digoxin (Apical pulse, monitor K & NA)
Lasix
Increase HR & RR @ rest
Increase weight
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ Infants have increased HR to:
Answer: Keep up with metabolic demand
Maintain cardiac output
Infants have little cardiac reserve because muscle fibers can't
stretch enough to increase stroke volume so they increase heart
rate and Cardiac output
Blood pressure begins low then increases with age
◉ Acyanotic
Answer: left to right shunt
Pink
Increase pulmonary blood flow (PDA, ASD, VSD)
Obstruction to blood flow from ventricles (CoArc, Aortic Stenosis,
Pulmonic Stenosis)
◉ Cyanotic
Answer: right to left shunt- blue
Decrease pulmonary blood flow (TOF, Tricuspid Atresia)
Mixed blood Flow (TGA/TGV, HLHS)
, ◉ patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
Answer: *ACYANOTIC - left to right shunting - increased
pulmonary bloodflow*
Ductus arteriosus fails to close normally in an infant soon after
birth
Machine like Murmur
May be asymptomatic
Administer Indomethacin
◉ Transposition of Great Vessels
Answer: Cyanotic
Septal defects or PDA
Life threatening require surgery in the 1st week of life
Treatment- PGE
Vital Signs with pulses & BP on all 4 extremities
Monitor for CHF
◉ Heart Failure
Answer: Early signs- increase respiratory rate, poor feeding
Digoxin (Apical pulse, monitor K & NA)
Lasix
Increase HR & RR @ rest
Increase weight
