TEST BANK RATIONALE: FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING
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FINAL EXAM & FINAL EXAM REVIEW UPDATED 2026/2027
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A+ GRADE = =
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Section 1: Professional Nursing Practice and History
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1. Which nurse who was influential in the development of
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= nursing in North America is regarded as the founder of
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American nursing? = =
• A. Clara Barton
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• B. Lillian Wald
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• C. Lavina Dock
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• D. Florence Nightingale
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Answer: D = =
Rationale: Florence Nightingale is regarded as the founder of
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American nursing . Her work during the Crimean War and her
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establishment of nursing education principles laid the foundation
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for modern nursing in North America. Clara Barton founded the
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,American Red Cross. Lillian Wald established the Henry Street
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Settlement and is considered the founder of public health nursing.
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Lavina Dock was a nursing educator and suffragist.
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Cognitive Level: Knowledge | Exam Domain: Professional
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Nursing | Reference: Fundamentals of Nursing, Chapter 1
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=
2. World War II had a tremendous effect on the nursing
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= profession. Which development occurred during this period?
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• A. The role of the nurse was broadened
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• B. There was a decreased emphasis on education
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• C. Nursing was practiced mainly in hospital settings
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• D. There was an overabundance of nurses
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Answer: A = =
Rationale: World War II broadened the role of the nurse as nurses
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served in various capacities both domestically and abroad . The
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war created a nursing shortage, leading to increased demand and
= = = = = = = = = =
expanded roles for nurses. Education standards were emphasized
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rather than decreased, and the nursing shortage persisted rather
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than created an overabundance.
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,Cognitive Level: Comprehension | Exam Domain: Professional
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Nursing | Reference: Fundamentals of Nursing, Chapter 1
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=
3. A nurse is caring for a patient in the ICU who is being
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= monitored for a possible cerebral aneurysm following a
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= loss of = =
consciousness in the emergency room. The nurse anticipates = = = = = = = =
preparing the patient for ordered diagnostic tests. This nurse'
= = = = = = = =
s knowledge of the diagnostic procedures for this condition
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reflects which aspect of nursing? = = = = =
• A. The art of nursing
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• B. The science of nursing
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• C. The caring aspect of nursing
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• D. The holistic approach to nursing
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Answer: B = =
Rationale: This nurse's knowledge of the diagnostic procedures for
= = = = = = = = =
this condition reflects the science of nursing . The science of nursing
= = = = = = = = = = = =
encompasses the knowledge base, research, and evidence-
= = = = = =
based practice that guide clinical decision-
= = = = =
making. The art of nursing involves the compassionate and skillful
= = = = = = = = = =
, delivery of care. The caring aspect and holistic approach focus on t
= = = = = = = = = = =
he therapeutic relationship and treating the whole person.
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Cognitive Level: Analysis | Exam Domain: Professional Nursing
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| Reference: Fundamentals of Nursing, Chapter 1
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=
4. A nurse is formulating a clinical question in PICO format.
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What does the letter P represent?
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• A. Comparison to another similar treatment
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• B. Clearly defined, focused literature review
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• C. Specific identification of the desired outcome
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• D. Explicit descriptions of the population of interest Answer: D
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=
Rationale: In the PICO format, P stands for the population of intere
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st or patient problem . PICO is a framework for formulating eviden
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ce-
based practice questions: Population, Intervention, Comparison, Ou
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tcome. The letter C represents comparison, O represents outcome,
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and the intervention is the treatment being investigated. This frame
= = = = = = = = =
work helps nurses conduct focused literature searches for evidence-
= = = = = = = =
based practice. = =
= = = = = =
FINAL EXAM & FINAL EXAM REVIEW UPDATED 2026/2027
= = = = = = = =
A+ GRADE = =
=
Section 1: Professional Nursing Practice and History
= = = = = =
1. Which nurse who was influential in the development of
= = = = = = = =
= nursing in North America is regarded as the founder of
= = = = = = = = = =
American nursing? = =
• A. Clara Barton
= = =
• B. Lillian Wald
= = =
• C. Lavina Dock
= = =
• D. Florence Nightingale
= = =
Answer: D = =
Rationale: Florence Nightingale is regarded as the founder of
= = = = = = = =
American nursing . Her work during the Crimean War and her
= = = = = = = = = = = =
establishment of nursing education principles laid the foundation
= = = = = = = =
for modern nursing in North America. Clara Barton founded the
= = = = = = = = = =
,American Red Cross. Lillian Wald established the Henry Street
= = = = = = = = =
Settlement and is considered the founder of public health nursing.
= = = = = = = = = =
Lavina Dock was a nursing educator and suffragist.
= = = = = = = =
Cognitive Level: Knowledge | Exam Domain: Professional
= = = = = = =
Nursing | Reference: Fundamentals of Nursing, Chapter 1
= = = = = = = =
=
2. World War II had a tremendous effect on the nursing
= = = = = = = = =
= profession. Which development occurred during this period?
= = = = = = =
• A. The role of the nurse was broadened
= = = = = = = =
• B. There was a decreased emphasis on education
= = = = = = = =
• C. Nursing was practiced mainly in hospital settings
= = = = = = = =
• D. There was an overabundance of nurses
= = = = = = =
Answer: A = =
Rationale: World War II broadened the role of the nurse as nurses
= = = = = = = = = = = =
served in various capacities both domestically and abroad . The
= = = = = = = = = =
war created a nursing shortage, leading to increased demand and
= = = = = = = = = =
expanded roles for nurses. Education standards were emphasized
= = = = = = = =
rather than decreased, and the nursing shortage persisted rather
= = = = = = = =
than created an overabundance.
= = = = =
,Cognitive Level: Comprehension | Exam Domain: Professional
= = = = = = =
Nursing | Reference: Fundamentals of Nursing, Chapter 1
= = = = = = = =
=
3. A nurse is caring for a patient in the ICU who is being
= = = = = = = = = = = =
= monitored for a possible cerebral aneurysm following a
= = = = = = =
= loss of = =
consciousness in the emergency room. The nurse anticipates = = = = = = = =
preparing the patient for ordered diagnostic tests. This nurse'
= = = = = = = =
s knowledge of the diagnostic procedures for this condition
= = = = = = = = =
reflects which aspect of nursing? = = = = =
• A. The art of nursing
= = = = =
• B. The science of nursing
= = = = =
• C. The caring aspect of nursing
= = = = = =
• D. The holistic approach to nursing
= = = = = =
Answer: B = =
Rationale: This nurse's knowledge of the diagnostic procedures for
= = = = = = = = =
this condition reflects the science of nursing . The science of nursing
= = = = = = = = = = = =
encompasses the knowledge base, research, and evidence-
= = = = = =
based practice that guide clinical decision-
= = = = =
making. The art of nursing involves the compassionate and skillful
= = = = = = = = = =
, delivery of care. The caring aspect and holistic approach focus on t
= = = = = = = = = = =
he therapeutic relationship and treating the whole person.
= = = = = = = =
Cognitive Level: Analysis | Exam Domain: Professional Nursing
= = = = = = = =
| Reference: Fundamentals of Nursing, Chapter 1
= = = = = = =
=
4. A nurse is formulating a clinical question in PICO format.
= = = = = = = = = =
What does the letter P represent?
= = = = = =
• A. Comparison to another similar treatment
= = = = = =
• B. Clearly defined, focused literature review
= = = = = =
• C. Specific identification of the desired outcome
= = = = = = =
• D. Explicit descriptions of the population of interest Answer: D
= = = = = = = = =
=
Rationale: In the PICO format, P stands for the population of intere
= = = = = = = = = = =
st or patient problem . PICO is a framework for formulating eviden
= = = = = = = = = = =
ce-
based practice questions: Population, Intervention, Comparison, Ou
= = = = = =
tcome. The letter C represents comparison, O represents outcome,
= = = = = = = = =
and the intervention is the treatment being investigated. This frame
= = = = = = = = =
work helps nurses conduct focused literature searches for evidence-
= = = = = = = =
based practice. = =
