GENETICS EXAM 4 COMPREHENSIVE STUDY
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◉ Gene expression in prokaryotic organisms.
Answer: - transcription translation and protein formation occur
almost simultaneously
- regulation of transcription is the primary method of controlling
gene expression
◉ Layers of Regulation.
Answer: (CTRTP)
C hromatin
T ranscription
R NA Processing
T ranslation
P ost-translation
◉ Layers of regulation- Chromatin remodeling
2 major protein classes:.
Answer: 2 major protein classes regulate this process:
1. ATP dependent chromatin remodeling complexes
,2. Histone modifying complexes
◉ ATP Chromatin Remodeling Complexes.
Answer: protein complexes regulate expression by moving, ejecting
or restructuring nucleosomes USING ATP energy. Once the protein
complex binds, the structure is loosened
◉ Histone/DNA modifying complexes.
Answer: Protein complexes that enzymatically modify N-terminal
histone tails. (Include methylation, phosphorylation, and
acetylation).
◉ What does acetylation and deacetylation mean in histones?.
Answer: acetylation: expression
deacetylation: silencing
◉ What does methylation and demethylation in DNA mean?.
Answer: methylation: silencing
demethylation: expression
(reversible)
◉ Transcription regulation.
Answer: - biggest level of control in the gene expression process
, - on/off switch
◉ Steps for gene to be turned off.
Answer: 1. initiating signal
2. signaling pathway cascade
3. activation of transcription factor
4. recruits transcription process
5. transcription complex recruits RNA poly II
5. transcription initiated at the promoter site
◉ True or False: cells hate to use energy, so stopping as early as you
can stops the cell from using energy.
Answer: True
◉ Signaling control of gene expression.
Answer: Change in receptor shape starts the cascade. If you stop the
signal anywhere in the cascade, expression is regulated
◉ crosstalk.
Answer: interactions between different signal transduction
pathways
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◉ Gene expression in prokaryotic organisms.
Answer: - transcription translation and protein formation occur
almost simultaneously
- regulation of transcription is the primary method of controlling
gene expression
◉ Layers of Regulation.
Answer: (CTRTP)
C hromatin
T ranscription
R NA Processing
T ranslation
P ost-translation
◉ Layers of regulation- Chromatin remodeling
2 major protein classes:.
Answer: 2 major protein classes regulate this process:
1. ATP dependent chromatin remodeling complexes
,2. Histone modifying complexes
◉ ATP Chromatin Remodeling Complexes.
Answer: protein complexes regulate expression by moving, ejecting
or restructuring nucleosomes USING ATP energy. Once the protein
complex binds, the structure is loosened
◉ Histone/DNA modifying complexes.
Answer: Protein complexes that enzymatically modify N-terminal
histone tails. (Include methylation, phosphorylation, and
acetylation).
◉ What does acetylation and deacetylation mean in histones?.
Answer: acetylation: expression
deacetylation: silencing
◉ What does methylation and demethylation in DNA mean?.
Answer: methylation: silencing
demethylation: expression
(reversible)
◉ Transcription regulation.
Answer: - biggest level of control in the gene expression process
, - on/off switch
◉ Steps for gene to be turned off.
Answer: 1. initiating signal
2. signaling pathway cascade
3. activation of transcription factor
4. recruits transcription process
5. transcription complex recruits RNA poly II
5. transcription initiated at the promoter site
◉ True or False: cells hate to use energy, so stopping as early as you
can stops the cell from using energy.
Answer: True
◉ Signaling control of gene expression.
Answer: Change in receptor shape starts the cascade. If you stop the
signal anywhere in the cascade, expression is regulated
◉ crosstalk.
Answer: interactions between different signal transduction
pathways
