GENETICS EXAM 2 KEY CONCEPTS AND
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
◉ interphase.
Answer: Cell grows, performs its normal functions, and prepares for
division
◉ sections of interphase.
Answer: G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase
◉ G1 phase.
Answer: The first gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle
-coming out of the previous division, the cell is smaller so it must
grow
-burns energy to do so
◉ S phase.
Answer: DNA is replicated (becomes tetraploid)
◉ G1 —-> S transition.
Answer: the cell surveys to see if it should go into the s phase (if it is
not ready, it will replicate with a lot of mutations)
,◉ G2 phase.
Answer: the second growth phase- preparation for mitosis
◉ G0.
Answer: when the cell has left the cell cycle and is no longer dividing
-often comes with cell age (genetic timeline)
◉ mitosis parts.
Answer: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
◉ how many chromosomes.
Answer: 46 (23 pairs)
◉ homologues.
Answer: chromosomes that are given the same number, but are of
opposite parental origin
◉ heterologues.
Answer: chromosomes from different pairs
◉ how are the chromosomes numbered.
,Answer: largest to smallest
◉ sister chromatids.
Answer: Identical copies of a chromosome; full sets of these are
created during the S subphase of interphase
◉ Chromosome vs. Sister Chromatid.
Answer: A chromosome may contain 2 sister chromatids after DNA
replication. A chromatid is an individual copy of a piece of DNA
◉ prophase.
Answer: -Chromosomes become visible (held very tightly)
-nuclear envelop breaks down
-spindle starts to form
-2 centromeres
◉ what serves as the marker to be moving into metaphase.
Answer: no nuclear envelope in metaphase
◉ how does a mom and dad copy of a gene differ.
Answer: same sets of genes, different sequences and orders
, ◉ metaphase.
Answer: characteristic alignment of chromosomes in the middle of
the cell
-spindle fibers do thus
◉ centrosome.
Answer: A structure in animal cells containing centrioles from which
the spindle fibers develop.
◉ microtubules.
Answer: move chromosomes around and interact with centromeres
◉ 2 types of microtubules.
Answer: kinetochore and polar
◉ kinetichore microtubules.
Answer: come in context with DNA to move them (forms the
kinetochore complex)
◉ polar microtubules.
Answer: -anchor points that separate the chromatids
-push the poles of the cell away from each other during mitosis
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
◉ interphase.
Answer: Cell grows, performs its normal functions, and prepares for
division
◉ sections of interphase.
Answer: G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase
◉ G1 phase.
Answer: The first gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle
-coming out of the previous division, the cell is smaller so it must
grow
-burns energy to do so
◉ S phase.
Answer: DNA is replicated (becomes tetraploid)
◉ G1 —-> S transition.
Answer: the cell surveys to see if it should go into the s phase (if it is
not ready, it will replicate with a lot of mutations)
,◉ G2 phase.
Answer: the second growth phase- preparation for mitosis
◉ G0.
Answer: when the cell has left the cell cycle and is no longer dividing
-often comes with cell age (genetic timeline)
◉ mitosis parts.
Answer: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
◉ how many chromosomes.
Answer: 46 (23 pairs)
◉ homologues.
Answer: chromosomes that are given the same number, but are of
opposite parental origin
◉ heterologues.
Answer: chromosomes from different pairs
◉ how are the chromosomes numbered.
,Answer: largest to smallest
◉ sister chromatids.
Answer: Identical copies of a chromosome; full sets of these are
created during the S subphase of interphase
◉ Chromosome vs. Sister Chromatid.
Answer: A chromosome may contain 2 sister chromatids after DNA
replication. A chromatid is an individual copy of a piece of DNA
◉ prophase.
Answer: -Chromosomes become visible (held very tightly)
-nuclear envelop breaks down
-spindle starts to form
-2 centromeres
◉ what serves as the marker to be moving into metaphase.
Answer: no nuclear envelope in metaphase
◉ how does a mom and dad copy of a gene differ.
Answer: same sets of genes, different sequences and orders
, ◉ metaphase.
Answer: characteristic alignment of chromosomes in the middle of
the cell
-spindle fibers do thus
◉ centrosome.
Answer: A structure in animal cells containing centrioles from which
the spindle fibers develop.
◉ microtubules.
Answer: move chromosomes around and interact with centromeres
◉ 2 types of microtubules.
Answer: kinetochore and polar
◉ kinetichore microtubules.
Answer: come in context with DNA to move them (forms the
kinetochore complex)
◉ polar microtubules.
Answer: -anchor points that separate the chromatids
-push the poles of the cell away from each other during mitosis
