Bio 150B uvic final updated test for a pass
What is chemistry?
The study of the nature of matter.
What is an atom?
The smallest unit of a chemical element that has the properties
of that element.
What are the components of an atom?
A nucleus containing positively-charged protons and
electrically-neutral neutrons, with an electron cloud of
negatively-charged electrons.
What defines a chemical element?
Atoms with a specific number of protons in the nucleus.
,What is an ion?
An atom where the number of protons is not equal to the
number of electrons.
What is a covalent bond?
A bond formed by a shared pair of electrons between two
atoms.
What is an ionic bond?
An attraction between full positive and full negative charges on
ions.
What are Van der Waals interactions?
Interactions between partial positive and partial negative
regions of different molecules.
What is a hydrogen bond?
A bond formed when a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a
highly electronegative atom forms a transient bond with
another electronegative atom.
What is electronegativity?
A measure of how strongly an atom attracts electrons shared
with another atom in a covalent bond.
What is a polar covalent bond?
,A bond where electrons are shared unequally, leading to partial
charges.
What is a nonpolar covalent bond?
A bond where electrons are shared equally between two atoms
with similar electronegativities.
What occurs during a chemical reaction?
The breaking of some bonds between atoms and the formation
of others, involving changes in electron configuration.
What is the energy requirement for breaking bonds?
Breaking bonds requires an input of energy.
What happens when new bonds are formed?
The formation of new bonds releases energy.
What is the net energy change in a chemical reaction?
The difference between the energy put into the system to break
bonds and the energy released by forming new bonds.
Why is water important in biological systems?
Water's unique properties, including hydrogen bonding, are
critical for stabilizing biological molecules.
What is the role of hydrogen bonds in water?
Hydrogen bonds cause water molecules to stick together,
contributing to its unique properties.
, How long do hydrogen bonds last in water at room
temperature?
About ten trillionths of a second (10 picoseconds).
What is the significance of the nineteenth century insight into
biology?
It highlighted that very little functional biology can be
understood without chemistry.
What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy an
electron shell?
Each electron shell has a fixed maximum number of electrons it
can hold.
What is the relationship between protons and electrons in a
neutral atom?
In a neutral atom, the number of protons equals the number of
electrons.
What happens to the configuration of electrons during a
chemical reaction?
The configuration of electrons in the participating atoms
changes.
What is the importance of understanding chemical bonds in
biology?
What is chemistry?
The study of the nature of matter.
What is an atom?
The smallest unit of a chemical element that has the properties
of that element.
What are the components of an atom?
A nucleus containing positively-charged protons and
electrically-neutral neutrons, with an electron cloud of
negatively-charged electrons.
What defines a chemical element?
Atoms with a specific number of protons in the nucleus.
,What is an ion?
An atom where the number of protons is not equal to the
number of electrons.
What is a covalent bond?
A bond formed by a shared pair of electrons between two
atoms.
What is an ionic bond?
An attraction between full positive and full negative charges on
ions.
What are Van der Waals interactions?
Interactions between partial positive and partial negative
regions of different molecules.
What is a hydrogen bond?
A bond formed when a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a
highly electronegative atom forms a transient bond with
another electronegative atom.
What is electronegativity?
A measure of how strongly an atom attracts electrons shared
with another atom in a covalent bond.
What is a polar covalent bond?
,A bond where electrons are shared unequally, leading to partial
charges.
What is a nonpolar covalent bond?
A bond where electrons are shared equally between two atoms
with similar electronegativities.
What occurs during a chemical reaction?
The breaking of some bonds between atoms and the formation
of others, involving changes in electron configuration.
What is the energy requirement for breaking bonds?
Breaking bonds requires an input of energy.
What happens when new bonds are formed?
The formation of new bonds releases energy.
What is the net energy change in a chemical reaction?
The difference between the energy put into the system to break
bonds and the energy released by forming new bonds.
Why is water important in biological systems?
Water's unique properties, including hydrogen bonding, are
critical for stabilizing biological molecules.
What is the role of hydrogen bonds in water?
Hydrogen bonds cause water molecules to stick together,
contributing to its unique properties.
, How long do hydrogen bonds last in water at room
temperature?
About ten trillionths of a second (10 picoseconds).
What is the significance of the nineteenth century insight into
biology?
It highlighted that very little functional biology can be
understood without chemistry.
What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy an
electron shell?
Each electron shell has a fixed maximum number of electrons it
can hold.
What is the relationship between protons and electrons in a
neutral atom?
In a neutral atom, the number of protons equals the number of
electrons.
What happens to the configuration of electrons during a
chemical reaction?
The configuration of electrons in the participating atoms
changes.
What is the importance of understanding chemical bonds in
biology?
