NR605 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY
MIDTERM STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS 2026/2027 UPDATE ||
100% GUARANTEED PASS
1. Which pharmacokinetic process is most significantly affected by the first-pass effect when
a drug is administered orally?
A. Distribution
B. Absorption
C. Excretion
D. Metabolism
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: The first-pass effect refers to the rapid hepatic metabolism of a
drug that occurs before it reaches the systemic circulation, primarily affecting drugs taken
orally.
2. A patient with a history of angioedema while taking Lisinopril should avoid which class of
medications in the future?
A. ACE Inhibitors
B. Beta Blockers
,C. Calcium Channel Blockers
D. Thiazide Diuretics
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Angioedema is a life-threatening adverse effect of ACE
inhibitors. Patients who experience this must avoid all drugs in this class (ACEIs).
3. Which of the following describes the mechanism of action of Metformin in the treatment
of Type 2 Diabetes?
A. Increases insulin secretion from the pancreas
B. Promotes glucose excretion in the urine
C. Decreases hepatic glucose production
D. Delays carbohydrate absorption in the gut
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Metformin works primarily by inhibiting hepatic
gluconeogenesis and improving insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues.
4. Which antidepressant is most likely to cause hypertensive crisis if taken with foods high in
tyramine?
A. Sertraline (SSRI)
B. Venlafaxine (SNRI)
C. Bupropion (NDRI)
, D. Phenelzine (MAOI)
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) like Phenelzine block
the breakdown of tyramine, leading to massive norepinephrine release and hypertensive
crisis.
5. A patient is prescribed Warfarin. Which of the following lab values is used to monitor its
therapeutic effectiveness?
A. aPTT
B. Serum Creatinine
C. Platelet Count
D. INR
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: The International Normalized Ratio (INR) is the standard
monitoring parameter for Warfarin therapy to ensure anticoagulation is within the target
range.
6. What is the primary mechanism by which Beta-blockers lower blood pressure?
A. Increasing heart rate and contractility
B. Reducing cardiac output and inhibiting renin release
C. Direct vasodilation of the peripheral arteries
MIDTERM STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS 2026/2027 UPDATE ||
100% GUARANTEED PASS
1. Which pharmacokinetic process is most significantly affected by the first-pass effect when
a drug is administered orally?
A. Distribution
B. Absorption
C. Excretion
D. Metabolism
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: The first-pass effect refers to the rapid hepatic metabolism of a
drug that occurs before it reaches the systemic circulation, primarily affecting drugs taken
orally.
2. A patient with a history of angioedema while taking Lisinopril should avoid which class of
medications in the future?
A. ACE Inhibitors
B. Beta Blockers
,C. Calcium Channel Blockers
D. Thiazide Diuretics
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Angioedema is a life-threatening adverse effect of ACE
inhibitors. Patients who experience this must avoid all drugs in this class (ACEIs).
3. Which of the following describes the mechanism of action of Metformin in the treatment
of Type 2 Diabetes?
A. Increases insulin secretion from the pancreas
B. Promotes glucose excretion in the urine
C. Decreases hepatic glucose production
D. Delays carbohydrate absorption in the gut
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Metformin works primarily by inhibiting hepatic
gluconeogenesis and improving insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues.
4. Which antidepressant is most likely to cause hypertensive crisis if taken with foods high in
tyramine?
A. Sertraline (SSRI)
B. Venlafaxine (SNRI)
C. Bupropion (NDRI)
, D. Phenelzine (MAOI)
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) like Phenelzine block
the breakdown of tyramine, leading to massive norepinephrine release and hypertensive
crisis.
5. A patient is prescribed Warfarin. Which of the following lab values is used to monitor its
therapeutic effectiveness?
A. aPTT
B. Serum Creatinine
C. Platelet Count
D. INR
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: The International Normalized Ratio (INR) is the standard
monitoring parameter for Warfarin therapy to ensure anticoagulation is within the target
range.
6. What is the primary mechanism by which Beta-blockers lower blood pressure?
A. Increasing heart rate and contractility
B. Reducing cardiac output and inhibiting renin release
C. Direct vasodilation of the peripheral arteries
