WGU C458 HEALTH, FITNESS AND WELLNESS 2026/2027 ACTUAL EXAM WITH
ACCURATELY SOLVED RATIONALE- GRADED A+
Nutrition
provides the body with the nutrients it needs to perform its daily tasks
Undernutrition
implies that the individual is not getting enough nutrients. This can occur even if the person
is consuming more than enough calories
Malnutrition
an imbalance of proper nutrients
Anorexia nervosa
literally means loss of appetite, but this is a misnomer: A person with this is hungry, but
denies the hunger because of an irrational fear of becoming fat. Self-starvation, food
preoccupation and rituals, compulsive exercising, and often an absence of menstrual
cycles in women.
Untreated, can be fatal.
Bulimia
characterized by recurring periods of binge eating, during which large amounts of food are
consumed in a short period of time followed by purging (through self-induced vomiting,
abuse of laxatives and/or diuretics) or periods of fasting
,Binge eating disorder (BED)
episodes of binge eating characterized by eating rapidly, eating large amounts of food even
when not feeling hungry, and feeling guilty or depressed after overeating.
Obesity
15 to 20 percent above normal weight. Poor dietary patterns; include increased intake of
sugars in sweetened soft drinks, foods, and meals of high energy, low nutrient density, and
large portion sizes. At risk for serious health problems such as type 2 diabetes,
hypertension, heart disease, stroke, and some types of cancer.
Minerals
inorganic material. Form body parts (teeth and bones), maintain acid-base neutrality,
regulate nerve impulses, osmotic pressure, and electrolyte balance
Major minerals
needed by the body:
• calcium—milk, cheese, sardines, salmon, green vegetables
• phosphorus—milk, cheese, lean meat
• potassium—oranges, bananas, dried fruits
• sulfur—eggs, poultry, fish
• sodium—table salt, beef, eggs, cheese
• chloride—table salt, meat
,• magnesium—green vegetables, whole grains
Trace minerals
required in lesser amounts, and include iron, zinc, selenium, magnesium, copper, iodine,
fluorine, chromium, molybdenum, and manganese
HDL cholesterol (high density lipoproteins)
protect the body against heart disease. Often called "good" cholesterol.
Saturated fat
has the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms attached to every carbon atom.
There are only single bonds between the carbon atoms. Mostly found in foods of animal
origin such as animal fat, beef, butter, chicken eggs, and whole milk. Raises blood
cholesterol more than other forms of fat
Unsaturated fat
has a double bond between two of the carbons and thus lack a pair of the hydrogen atoms.
Mostly found in foods of plant origin, including vegetable oils (corn, olive, soybean, peanut,
and safflower oils) and some seafoods.
Monounsaturated fatty acid
Only one pair of hydrogen atoms missing. Olive and canola oils
, Polyunsaturated fatty acid
More than one pair of hydrogen atoms missing. Omega-3 and omega-6. Vegetable oils,
nuts, and high-fat fish
Kilocalorie (or Calorie)
the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water one
degree Celsius
Basal metabolism
the minimum amount of energy required by the body to maintain essential body functions
(e.g., to maintain a normal body temperature, muscle tone, respiration) when at rest
Monosaccharides
glucose, galactose (found in human breast milk), and fructose, all of which are found in
fruits and honey
Disaccharides
sucrose (a combination of glucose and fructose found in table sugar, bananas, green peas,
and sweet potatoes), lactose (a combination of glucose and galactose found in milk and
milk products), and maltose (a combination of two glucoses used in candy flavor and
brewing beer).
Polysaccharides
ACCURATELY SOLVED RATIONALE- GRADED A+
Nutrition
provides the body with the nutrients it needs to perform its daily tasks
Undernutrition
implies that the individual is not getting enough nutrients. This can occur even if the person
is consuming more than enough calories
Malnutrition
an imbalance of proper nutrients
Anorexia nervosa
literally means loss of appetite, but this is a misnomer: A person with this is hungry, but
denies the hunger because of an irrational fear of becoming fat. Self-starvation, food
preoccupation and rituals, compulsive exercising, and often an absence of menstrual
cycles in women.
Untreated, can be fatal.
Bulimia
characterized by recurring periods of binge eating, during which large amounts of food are
consumed in a short period of time followed by purging (through self-induced vomiting,
abuse of laxatives and/or diuretics) or periods of fasting
,Binge eating disorder (BED)
episodes of binge eating characterized by eating rapidly, eating large amounts of food even
when not feeling hungry, and feeling guilty or depressed after overeating.
Obesity
15 to 20 percent above normal weight. Poor dietary patterns; include increased intake of
sugars in sweetened soft drinks, foods, and meals of high energy, low nutrient density, and
large portion sizes. At risk for serious health problems such as type 2 diabetes,
hypertension, heart disease, stroke, and some types of cancer.
Minerals
inorganic material. Form body parts (teeth and bones), maintain acid-base neutrality,
regulate nerve impulses, osmotic pressure, and electrolyte balance
Major minerals
needed by the body:
• calcium—milk, cheese, sardines, salmon, green vegetables
• phosphorus—milk, cheese, lean meat
• potassium—oranges, bananas, dried fruits
• sulfur—eggs, poultry, fish
• sodium—table salt, beef, eggs, cheese
• chloride—table salt, meat
,• magnesium—green vegetables, whole grains
Trace minerals
required in lesser amounts, and include iron, zinc, selenium, magnesium, copper, iodine,
fluorine, chromium, molybdenum, and manganese
HDL cholesterol (high density lipoproteins)
protect the body against heart disease. Often called "good" cholesterol.
Saturated fat
has the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms attached to every carbon atom.
There are only single bonds between the carbon atoms. Mostly found in foods of animal
origin such as animal fat, beef, butter, chicken eggs, and whole milk. Raises blood
cholesterol more than other forms of fat
Unsaturated fat
has a double bond between two of the carbons and thus lack a pair of the hydrogen atoms.
Mostly found in foods of plant origin, including vegetable oils (corn, olive, soybean, peanut,
and safflower oils) and some seafoods.
Monounsaturated fatty acid
Only one pair of hydrogen atoms missing. Olive and canola oils
, Polyunsaturated fatty acid
More than one pair of hydrogen atoms missing. Omega-3 and omega-6. Vegetable oils,
nuts, and high-fat fish
Kilocalorie (or Calorie)
the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water one
degree Celsius
Basal metabolism
the minimum amount of energy required by the body to maintain essential body functions
(e.g., to maintain a normal body temperature, muscle tone, respiration) when at rest
Monosaccharides
glucose, galactose (found in human breast milk), and fructose, all of which are found in
fruits and honey
Disaccharides
sucrose (a combination of glucose and fructose found in table sugar, bananas, green peas,
and sweet potatoes), lactose (a combination of glucose and galactose found in milk and
milk products), and maltose (a combination of two glucoses used in candy flavor and
brewing beer).
Polysaccharides
