University of South Florida NUR 3125 Pathophysiology Practice
Exam Set 3 | 120 Questions with Answers and Rationales
Endocrine and metabolic disorders
1. Which process best characterizes Hashimoto thyroiditis?
A. Autoimmune beta-cell destruction produces severe insulin deficiency
B. Insulin deficiency drives ketone production and high-gap metabolic acidosis
C. Adrenal cortical failure reduces cortisol and often aldosterone production
D. Autoimmune destruction progressively impairs thyroid hormone production
2. Which process best characterizes graves’ disease?
A. Chronic glucocorticoid excess alters metabolism and tissue maintenance
B. Insulin resistance combines with progressive beta-cell dysfunction
C. Growth hormone excess after epiphyseal closure increases tissue growth
D. Stimulating antibodies activate thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors
3. Which process best characterizes Cushing syndrome?
A. Extreme hyperglycemia causes severe hyperosmolar dehydration with limited
ketoacidosis
B. Growth hormone excess after epiphyseal closure increases tissue growth
C. Insulin resistance combines with progressive beta-cell dysfunction
D. Chronic glucocorticoid excess alters metabolism and tissue maintenance
4. Which process best characterizes primary adrenal insufficiency?
A. Adrenal cortical failure reduces cortisol and often aldosterone production
B. Autoimmune beta-cell destruction produces severe insulin deficiency
C. Insulin deficiency drives ketone production and high-gap metabolic acidosis
D. Insufficient circulating glucose triggers autonomic responses and brain fuel
deprivation
5. A
patient has central adiposity, wide purple striae, proximal weakness, and
documented cortisol excess. Which syndrome fits?
NUR 3125 | Pathophysiology | Set 3 | Original practice 1
material
, A. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
B. Type 2 diabetes mellitus
C. Acromegaly
D. Cushing syndrome
6. A
patient has fatigue, hyperpigmentation, hypotension, hyponatremia,
hyperkalemia, and low cortisol with high ACTH. Which disorder fits?
A. Hypoglycemia
B. Primary adrenal insufficiency
C. Diabetic ketoacidosis
D. Type 1 diabetes mellitus
NUR 3125 | Pathophysiology | Set 3 | Original practice 2
material
, 7. Which process best characterizes type 2 diabetes mellitus?
A. Insulin resistance combines with progressive beta-cell dysfunction
B. Chronic glucocorticoid excess alters metabolism and tissue maintenance
C. Extreme hyperglycemia causes severe hyperosmolar dehydration with limited
ketoacidosis
D. Stimulating antibodies activate thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors
8. After
excess insulin, a patient develops sweating, tremor, confusion, and a
measured low glucose. Which disturbance fits?
A. Hashimoto thyroiditis
B. Type 1 diabetes mellitus
C. Hypoglycemia
D. Primary adrenal insufficiency
9. Which process best characterizes diabetic ketoacidosis?
A. Adrenal cortical failure reduces cortisol and often aldosterone production
B. Insufficient circulating glucose triggers autonomic responses and brain fuel
deprivation
C. Autoimmune destruction progressively impairs thyroid hormone production
D. Insulin deficiency drives ketone production and high-gap metabolic acidosis
10. Which process best characterizes acromegaly?
A. Insulin resistance combines with progressive beta-cell dysfunction
B. Extreme hyperglycemia causes severe hyperosmolar dehydration with limited
ketoacidosis
C. Stimulating antibodies activate thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors
D. Growth hormone excess after epiphyseal closure increases tissue growth
11. Which process best characterizes hypoglycemia?
A. Autoimmune destruction progressively impairs thyroid hormone production
B. Autoimmune beta-cell destruction produces severe insulin deficiency
C. Insufficient circulating glucose triggers autonomic responses and brain fuel
deprivation
NUR 3125 | Pathophysiology | Set 3 | Original practice 3
material
, D. Adrenal cortical failure reduces cortisol and often aldosterone production
12.A lean adolescent develops polyuria, weight loss, islet autoantibodies, and very
low endogenous insulin production. Which disorder fits?
A. Hashimoto thyroiditis
B. Diabetic ketoacidosis
C. Hypoglycemia
D. Type 1 diabetes mellitus
NUR 3125 | Pathophysiology | Set 3 | Original practice 4
material
Exam Set 3 | 120 Questions with Answers and Rationales
Endocrine and metabolic disorders
1. Which process best characterizes Hashimoto thyroiditis?
A. Autoimmune beta-cell destruction produces severe insulin deficiency
B. Insulin deficiency drives ketone production and high-gap metabolic acidosis
C. Adrenal cortical failure reduces cortisol and often aldosterone production
D. Autoimmune destruction progressively impairs thyroid hormone production
2. Which process best characterizes graves’ disease?
A. Chronic glucocorticoid excess alters metabolism and tissue maintenance
B. Insulin resistance combines with progressive beta-cell dysfunction
C. Growth hormone excess after epiphyseal closure increases tissue growth
D. Stimulating antibodies activate thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors
3. Which process best characterizes Cushing syndrome?
A. Extreme hyperglycemia causes severe hyperosmolar dehydration with limited
ketoacidosis
B. Growth hormone excess after epiphyseal closure increases tissue growth
C. Insulin resistance combines with progressive beta-cell dysfunction
D. Chronic glucocorticoid excess alters metabolism and tissue maintenance
4. Which process best characterizes primary adrenal insufficiency?
A. Adrenal cortical failure reduces cortisol and often aldosterone production
B. Autoimmune beta-cell destruction produces severe insulin deficiency
C. Insulin deficiency drives ketone production and high-gap metabolic acidosis
D. Insufficient circulating glucose triggers autonomic responses and brain fuel
deprivation
5. A
patient has central adiposity, wide purple striae, proximal weakness, and
documented cortisol excess. Which syndrome fits?
NUR 3125 | Pathophysiology | Set 3 | Original practice 1
material
, A. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
B. Type 2 diabetes mellitus
C. Acromegaly
D. Cushing syndrome
6. A
patient has fatigue, hyperpigmentation, hypotension, hyponatremia,
hyperkalemia, and low cortisol with high ACTH. Which disorder fits?
A. Hypoglycemia
B. Primary adrenal insufficiency
C. Diabetic ketoacidosis
D. Type 1 diabetes mellitus
NUR 3125 | Pathophysiology | Set 3 | Original practice 2
material
, 7. Which process best characterizes type 2 diabetes mellitus?
A. Insulin resistance combines with progressive beta-cell dysfunction
B. Chronic glucocorticoid excess alters metabolism and tissue maintenance
C. Extreme hyperglycemia causes severe hyperosmolar dehydration with limited
ketoacidosis
D. Stimulating antibodies activate thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors
8. After
excess insulin, a patient develops sweating, tremor, confusion, and a
measured low glucose. Which disturbance fits?
A. Hashimoto thyroiditis
B. Type 1 diabetes mellitus
C. Hypoglycemia
D. Primary adrenal insufficiency
9. Which process best characterizes diabetic ketoacidosis?
A. Adrenal cortical failure reduces cortisol and often aldosterone production
B. Insufficient circulating glucose triggers autonomic responses and brain fuel
deprivation
C. Autoimmune destruction progressively impairs thyroid hormone production
D. Insulin deficiency drives ketone production and high-gap metabolic acidosis
10. Which process best characterizes acromegaly?
A. Insulin resistance combines with progressive beta-cell dysfunction
B. Extreme hyperglycemia causes severe hyperosmolar dehydration with limited
ketoacidosis
C. Stimulating antibodies activate thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors
D. Growth hormone excess after epiphyseal closure increases tissue growth
11. Which process best characterizes hypoglycemia?
A. Autoimmune destruction progressively impairs thyroid hormone production
B. Autoimmune beta-cell destruction produces severe insulin deficiency
C. Insufficient circulating glucose triggers autonomic responses and brain fuel
deprivation
NUR 3125 | Pathophysiology | Set 3 | Original practice 3
material
, D. Adrenal cortical failure reduces cortisol and often aldosterone production
12.A lean adolescent develops polyuria, weight loss, islet autoantibodies, and very
low endogenous insulin production. Which disorder fits?
A. Hashimoto thyroiditis
B. Diabetic ketoacidosis
C. Hypoglycemia
D. Type 1 diabetes mellitus
NUR 3125 | Pathophysiology | Set 3 | Original practice 4
material
