NUR 215: Fundamentals Final Study Guide
Scope of Practice
What is a Nurse?
● A direct care provider
● A communicator
● An educator
● A pt advocate
● A counselor
Professional Attributes
● Code of Ethics
● Communication
● Emotional stability
● Empathy
● Attention to detail
● Quick Response
● Respect
Brief Nursing History
● Started during the Criemean War (1854-56)
○ Florence Nightingale
● Nursing School for Men 1888: first ever nursing school
● Nursing School for Women 1914
● State Licensure 1903
The Image of Nursing
● Angels of mercy (nuns)
● Battle Ax (torture)
● Professional (Flo N.)
● Naughty Nurses
● Military Nurses
● Handmaiden nurse (male doctors are “dominant”)
Introduction to the Nursing Process
●Nursing Process
○ Assessment
■ Information gathered through interview, physical exam, &
observation
○ Analysis/Diagnosis
■ Analyze the data
● Subjective:
, ○Primary: what the pt tells the nurse “my shoulder is
sore
○Secondary: what others tell the nurse the pt said “my
mom said her shoulder is sore”
● Objective:
○Primary: data the nurse obtains through observation
& exam “pt grimaces face when asked to move arm”
○Secondary: data the nurse collects from other
sources (family, friends, caregiver, providers) “PT
noted pt has decreased ROM in shoulder” “my moms
urine was dark brown today.”
■ Diagnosis
● Identify the problem, What is the problem?
○ Pt has the flu, cough, wound
○ Planning
■ Develop SMART goals
● Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Timely: pt goal
○ Implementation
■ Performing Nursing Action from SMART goals
■ What are you as a nurse going to do to help pt meet goal/desire
outcome
○ Evaluation
■ Ongoing part of each step in the nursing process. Did interventions
help? Were goals met or not met? If not repeat the process
●What guides decision making
○ ABCs
○ Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
■ Physiological
● Air, water, food, shelter
■ Safety & security
● Personal security, employment, resources, property
■ Love & belonging
● Friendship, intimacy, family, connection
■ Self-Esteem
● Status recognition, freedom, respect
■ Self-Actualization
● Achievement, the most one can be
○ Ethical Principles
■ Beneficence
● Action that promotes food for other w/o self-interest
■ Autonomy
, ● The right to make one’s own person decisions even when
those decisions might not be in that person’s own best
interest
■ Fidelity
● Keeping your promises to the pt
■ Justice
● Being impartial & fair
■ Nonmaleficence
● Do not do intentional harm
■ Veracity
● Be honest & tell the truth
○ Basic Principles
■ HIPAA
■ Advocacy & responsibility
●Critical Thinking vs. Critical Judgement
○ Critical Thinking
■ Involves observing, comparing, contrasting, & evaluating the pt’s
condition to determine whether change has occurred. Involves
careful consideration of the pt’s health status in light of what is
expected based on the pt’s conditions, medications, & treatment
○ Critical Judgement
■ Is a reflective thinking process that involves collecting information,
analyzing the adequacy & accuracy of the information and carefully
considering options for actions. Nurses use critical thinking in every
aspect of nursing care
Introduction to Therapeutic Communication
● The purposeful use of communication to build & maintain helping relationships
w/pts, families, & significant others
○ Elicit & attend to pt’s thoughts, feelings, concerns, & needs
○ Express empathy & genuine concern for pt’s & families’ issues
○ Obtain information & give feedback about pt’s status
○ Intervene to promote functional behavior & effective interpersonal
relationships
○ Evaluate pt’s progress toward desired goals & outcomes
○ Pt-centered. Not social or reciprocal
○ Purposeful, planned, & goal oriented
● Skills for therapeutic communication
○ Active listening
○ Asking open-ended questions
○ Showing acceptance & recognition
○ Summarizing
, ○ Sharing feelings
● Non-therapeutic communication
○ Asking irrelevant or personal questions
○ Stereotyping
○ Minimizing feelings
○ Judging
○ Offering sympathy
○ Making automatic responses
Health & Wellness
What is Health?
● Absence of disease, focus on physical aspect
What is Wellness?
● A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. It does NOT mean
the absence of disease
● Mind, body, and spirit maintain a balance
Self-Concept impact on health/wellness
● Self-concept: how you value yourself; Personal eval of physical appearance,
sexual performance, intellectual abilities, success in the workplace, friendship
and approval from others, problem solving, and coping abilities, unique talents,
and so on.
○ Affector: unrealistic expectations, surgery, chronic illness, change in role
performance, gender, family, and peer relationship, developmental level
● Body image
● Role performance
● Self-esteem
● Personal identity
● Self-concept is very closely related to mental health which can impact your
personal wellness
● Increase self-concept
○ Effective coping skills
○ Healthy lifestyle
○ Verbalize fears & anxieties
○ Reinforce strengths & independence
Gender/sexuality/bias’s role in health & wellness
Health Promotion across populations
Actions taken by healthcare to help patients reach healthy habits.
Scope of Practice
What is a Nurse?
● A direct care provider
● A communicator
● An educator
● A pt advocate
● A counselor
Professional Attributes
● Code of Ethics
● Communication
● Emotional stability
● Empathy
● Attention to detail
● Quick Response
● Respect
Brief Nursing History
● Started during the Criemean War (1854-56)
○ Florence Nightingale
● Nursing School for Men 1888: first ever nursing school
● Nursing School for Women 1914
● State Licensure 1903
The Image of Nursing
● Angels of mercy (nuns)
● Battle Ax (torture)
● Professional (Flo N.)
● Naughty Nurses
● Military Nurses
● Handmaiden nurse (male doctors are “dominant”)
Introduction to the Nursing Process
●Nursing Process
○ Assessment
■ Information gathered through interview, physical exam, &
observation
○ Analysis/Diagnosis
■ Analyze the data
● Subjective:
, ○Primary: what the pt tells the nurse “my shoulder is
sore
○Secondary: what others tell the nurse the pt said “my
mom said her shoulder is sore”
● Objective:
○Primary: data the nurse obtains through observation
& exam “pt grimaces face when asked to move arm”
○Secondary: data the nurse collects from other
sources (family, friends, caregiver, providers) “PT
noted pt has decreased ROM in shoulder” “my moms
urine was dark brown today.”
■ Diagnosis
● Identify the problem, What is the problem?
○ Pt has the flu, cough, wound
○ Planning
■ Develop SMART goals
● Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Timely: pt goal
○ Implementation
■ Performing Nursing Action from SMART goals
■ What are you as a nurse going to do to help pt meet goal/desire
outcome
○ Evaluation
■ Ongoing part of each step in the nursing process. Did interventions
help? Were goals met or not met? If not repeat the process
●What guides decision making
○ ABCs
○ Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
■ Physiological
● Air, water, food, shelter
■ Safety & security
● Personal security, employment, resources, property
■ Love & belonging
● Friendship, intimacy, family, connection
■ Self-Esteem
● Status recognition, freedom, respect
■ Self-Actualization
● Achievement, the most one can be
○ Ethical Principles
■ Beneficence
● Action that promotes food for other w/o self-interest
■ Autonomy
, ● The right to make one’s own person decisions even when
those decisions might not be in that person’s own best
interest
■ Fidelity
● Keeping your promises to the pt
■ Justice
● Being impartial & fair
■ Nonmaleficence
● Do not do intentional harm
■ Veracity
● Be honest & tell the truth
○ Basic Principles
■ HIPAA
■ Advocacy & responsibility
●Critical Thinking vs. Critical Judgement
○ Critical Thinking
■ Involves observing, comparing, contrasting, & evaluating the pt’s
condition to determine whether change has occurred. Involves
careful consideration of the pt’s health status in light of what is
expected based on the pt’s conditions, medications, & treatment
○ Critical Judgement
■ Is a reflective thinking process that involves collecting information,
analyzing the adequacy & accuracy of the information and carefully
considering options for actions. Nurses use critical thinking in every
aspect of nursing care
Introduction to Therapeutic Communication
● The purposeful use of communication to build & maintain helping relationships
w/pts, families, & significant others
○ Elicit & attend to pt’s thoughts, feelings, concerns, & needs
○ Express empathy & genuine concern for pt’s & families’ issues
○ Obtain information & give feedback about pt’s status
○ Intervene to promote functional behavior & effective interpersonal
relationships
○ Evaluate pt’s progress toward desired goals & outcomes
○ Pt-centered. Not social or reciprocal
○ Purposeful, planned, & goal oriented
● Skills for therapeutic communication
○ Active listening
○ Asking open-ended questions
○ Showing acceptance & recognition
○ Summarizing
, ○ Sharing feelings
● Non-therapeutic communication
○ Asking irrelevant or personal questions
○ Stereotyping
○ Minimizing feelings
○ Judging
○ Offering sympathy
○ Making automatic responses
Health & Wellness
What is Health?
● Absence of disease, focus on physical aspect
What is Wellness?
● A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. It does NOT mean
the absence of disease
● Mind, body, and spirit maintain a balance
Self-Concept impact on health/wellness
● Self-concept: how you value yourself; Personal eval of physical appearance,
sexual performance, intellectual abilities, success in the workplace, friendship
and approval from others, problem solving, and coping abilities, unique talents,
and so on.
○ Affector: unrealistic expectations, surgery, chronic illness, change in role
performance, gender, family, and peer relationship, developmental level
● Body image
● Role performance
● Self-esteem
● Personal identity
● Self-concept is very closely related to mental health which can impact your
personal wellness
● Increase self-concept
○ Effective coping skills
○ Healthy lifestyle
○ Verbalize fears & anxieties
○ Reinforce strengths & independence
Gender/sexuality/bias’s role in health & wellness
Health Promotion across populations
Actions taken by healthcare to help patients reach healthy habits.
