University of South Florida NUR 3125 Pathophysiology
Practice Exam Set 1 | 120 Questions with Answers and
Rationales
Foundations, Immunity, Blood, Skin, and Musculoskeletal Disorders
Cellular adaptation and injury
1. A weightlifter develops larger skeletal muscle fibers without an increase in
fiber number. Which adaptation is described?
A. Cellular atrophy
B. Necrosis
C. Cellular hypertrophy
D. Dysplasia
2. An ischemic tissue develops additional injury shortly after its blood
supply is restored. Which process explains the paradox?
A. Cellular hyperplasia
B. Metaplasia
C. Apoptosis
D. Ischemia-reperfusion injury
3. Which process best characterizes necrosis?
A. Reactive oxygen species exceed antioxidant defenses
B. Reduction in cell size and tissue mass
C. Unregulated cell death with membrane disruption and inflammatory injury
D. Increase in individual cell size
4. Which process best characterizes apoptosis?
A. Intracellular sodium and water accumulation from impaired ATP-dependent pumps
B. Regulated cell death through an organized dismantling program
C. Restored blood flow triggers oxidant formation and inflammatory damage
D. Increase in the number of cells
NUR 3125 | Pathophysiology | Set 1 | Original practice 1
material
, 5. Which process best characterizes reversible hydropic change?
A. Restored blood flow triggers oxidant formation and inflammatory damage
B. Intracellular sodium and water accumulation from impaired ATP-dependent pumps
C. Increase in the number of cells
D. Replacement of one differentiated cell type by another
6. After prolonged ischemia, cells swell, rupture, and release contents that
attract inflammatory cells. Which process is described?
A. Necrosis
B. Cellular atrophy
C. Oxidative stress
D. Cellular hypertrophy
NUR 3125 | Pathophysiology | Set 1 | Original practice 2
material
, 7. Which process best characterizes cellular hyperplasia?
A. Intracellular sodium and water accumulation from impaired ATP-dependent pumps
B. Replacement of one differentiated cell type by another
C. Increase in the number of cells
D. Regulated cell death through an organized dismantling program
8. Which process best characterizes metaplasia?
A. Replacement of one differentiated cell type by another
B. Intracellular sodium and water accumulation from impaired ATP-dependent pumps
C. Regulated cell death through an organized dismantling program
D. Restored blood flow triggers oxidant formation and inflammatory damage
9. A limb immobilized in a cast develops smaller muscles. Which adaptation is most
directly illustrated?
A. Dysplasia
B. Necrosis
C. Oxidative stress
D. Cellular atrophy
10.A smoker's bronchial ciliated columnar epithelium is replaced by stratified
squamous epithelium. Which adaptation is present?
A. Reversible hydropic change
B. Metaplasia
C. Ischemia-reperfusion injury
D. Apoptosis
11. Which process best characterizes cellular hypertrophy?
A. Disordered cellular growth with atypia and loss of organization
B. Reduction in cell size and tissue mass
C. Increase in individual cell size
D. Unregulated cell death with membrane disruption and inflammatory injury
NUR 3125 | Pathophysiology | Set 1 | Original practice 3
material
, 12.Early oxygen deprivation causes swollen cells that recover when oxygen
delivery is restored. Which cellular change best explains this?
A. Reversible hydropic change
B. Ischemia-reperfusion injury
C. Metaplasia
D. Cellular hyperplasia
NUR 3125 | Pathophysiology | Set 1 | Original practice 4
material
Practice Exam Set 1 | 120 Questions with Answers and
Rationales
Foundations, Immunity, Blood, Skin, and Musculoskeletal Disorders
Cellular adaptation and injury
1. A weightlifter develops larger skeletal muscle fibers without an increase in
fiber number. Which adaptation is described?
A. Cellular atrophy
B. Necrosis
C. Cellular hypertrophy
D. Dysplasia
2. An ischemic tissue develops additional injury shortly after its blood
supply is restored. Which process explains the paradox?
A. Cellular hyperplasia
B. Metaplasia
C. Apoptosis
D. Ischemia-reperfusion injury
3. Which process best characterizes necrosis?
A. Reactive oxygen species exceed antioxidant defenses
B. Reduction in cell size and tissue mass
C. Unregulated cell death with membrane disruption and inflammatory injury
D. Increase in individual cell size
4. Which process best characterizes apoptosis?
A. Intracellular sodium and water accumulation from impaired ATP-dependent pumps
B. Regulated cell death through an organized dismantling program
C. Restored blood flow triggers oxidant formation and inflammatory damage
D. Increase in the number of cells
NUR 3125 | Pathophysiology | Set 1 | Original practice 1
material
, 5. Which process best characterizes reversible hydropic change?
A. Restored blood flow triggers oxidant formation and inflammatory damage
B. Intracellular sodium and water accumulation from impaired ATP-dependent pumps
C. Increase in the number of cells
D. Replacement of one differentiated cell type by another
6. After prolonged ischemia, cells swell, rupture, and release contents that
attract inflammatory cells. Which process is described?
A. Necrosis
B. Cellular atrophy
C. Oxidative stress
D. Cellular hypertrophy
NUR 3125 | Pathophysiology | Set 1 | Original practice 2
material
, 7. Which process best characterizes cellular hyperplasia?
A. Intracellular sodium and water accumulation from impaired ATP-dependent pumps
B. Replacement of one differentiated cell type by another
C. Increase in the number of cells
D. Regulated cell death through an organized dismantling program
8. Which process best characterizes metaplasia?
A. Replacement of one differentiated cell type by another
B. Intracellular sodium and water accumulation from impaired ATP-dependent pumps
C. Regulated cell death through an organized dismantling program
D. Restored blood flow triggers oxidant formation and inflammatory damage
9. A limb immobilized in a cast develops smaller muscles. Which adaptation is most
directly illustrated?
A. Dysplasia
B. Necrosis
C. Oxidative stress
D. Cellular atrophy
10.A smoker's bronchial ciliated columnar epithelium is replaced by stratified
squamous epithelium. Which adaptation is present?
A. Reversible hydropic change
B. Metaplasia
C. Ischemia-reperfusion injury
D. Apoptosis
11. Which process best characterizes cellular hypertrophy?
A. Disordered cellular growth with atypia and loss of organization
B. Reduction in cell size and tissue mass
C. Increase in individual cell size
D. Unregulated cell death with membrane disruption and inflammatory injury
NUR 3125 | Pathophysiology | Set 1 | Original practice 3
material
, 12.Early oxygen deprivation causes swollen cells that recover when oxygen
delivery is restored. Which cellular change best explains this?
A. Reversible hydropic change
B. Ischemia-reperfusion injury
C. Metaplasia
D. Cellular hyperplasia
NUR 3125 | Pathophysiology | Set 1 | Original practice 4
material
