NUR 2063 / NUR2063 Essentials of
Pathophysiology Final Exam – 2026/2027
Rasmussen University | 150 Questions &
Detailed Rationales | Grade A+
1. Which cellular adaptation is an increase in cell size?
A. Atrophy
, B. Hypertrophy
C. Hyperplasia
D. Metaplasia
Answer: B. Hypertrophy
Hypertrophy increases cell size in response to workload.
2. Which adaptation increases cell number?
A. Hypertrophy
B. Atrophy
C. Hyperplasia
D. Dysplasia
Answer: C. Hyperplasia
Hyperplasia is an increase in cell number.
3. Which adaptation is reversible replacement of one mature cell
type by another?
A. Metaplasia
B. Dysplasia
C. Neoplasia
D. Atrophy
Answer: A. Metaplasia
Metaplasia is reversible cell-type replacement under stress.
,4. Which change is disordered, preneoplastic growth?
A. Atrophy
B. Hypertrophy
C. Metaplasia
D. Dysplasia
Answer: D. Dysplasia
Dysplasia shows atypical disordered growth and can precede
cancer.
5. Cardiac enlargement in hypertension is mainly due to:
A. Atrophy
B. Hypertrophy
C. Hyperplasia
D. Apoptosis
Answer: B. Hypertrophy
Cardiac myocytes enlarge under increased afterload.
6. Decreased organ size from disuse is called:
A. Hypertrophy
B. Hyperplasia
C. Atrophy
D. Metaplasia
, Answer: C. Atrophy
Atrophy is shrinkage from reduced workload or stimulation.
7. Programmed cell death without inflammation is:
A. Necrosis
B. Apoptosis
C. Coagulative necrosis
D. Liquefactive necrosis
Answer: B. Apoptosis
Apoptosis is regulated and typically noninflammatory.
8. Ischemic death in the heart is classically:
A. Liquefactive necrosis
B. Caseous necrosis
C. Coagulative necrosis
D. Fat necrosis
Answer: C. Coagulative necrosis
Coagulative necrosis occurs in ischemic solid organs.
9. Brain infarction typically causes:
A. Coagulative necrosis
B. Liquefactive necrosis
C. Fat necrosis
D. Fibrinoid necrosis
Pathophysiology Final Exam – 2026/2027
Rasmussen University | 150 Questions &
Detailed Rationales | Grade A+
1. Which cellular adaptation is an increase in cell size?
A. Atrophy
, B. Hypertrophy
C. Hyperplasia
D. Metaplasia
Answer: B. Hypertrophy
Hypertrophy increases cell size in response to workload.
2. Which adaptation increases cell number?
A. Hypertrophy
B. Atrophy
C. Hyperplasia
D. Dysplasia
Answer: C. Hyperplasia
Hyperplasia is an increase in cell number.
3. Which adaptation is reversible replacement of one mature cell
type by another?
A. Metaplasia
B. Dysplasia
C. Neoplasia
D. Atrophy
Answer: A. Metaplasia
Metaplasia is reversible cell-type replacement under stress.
,4. Which change is disordered, preneoplastic growth?
A. Atrophy
B. Hypertrophy
C. Metaplasia
D. Dysplasia
Answer: D. Dysplasia
Dysplasia shows atypical disordered growth and can precede
cancer.
5. Cardiac enlargement in hypertension is mainly due to:
A. Atrophy
B. Hypertrophy
C. Hyperplasia
D. Apoptosis
Answer: B. Hypertrophy
Cardiac myocytes enlarge under increased afterload.
6. Decreased organ size from disuse is called:
A. Hypertrophy
B. Hyperplasia
C. Atrophy
D. Metaplasia
, Answer: C. Atrophy
Atrophy is shrinkage from reduced workload or stimulation.
7. Programmed cell death without inflammation is:
A. Necrosis
B. Apoptosis
C. Coagulative necrosis
D. Liquefactive necrosis
Answer: B. Apoptosis
Apoptosis is regulated and typically noninflammatory.
8. Ischemic death in the heart is classically:
A. Liquefactive necrosis
B. Caseous necrosis
C. Coagulative necrosis
D. Fat necrosis
Answer: C. Coagulative necrosis
Coagulative necrosis occurs in ischemic solid organs.
9. Brain infarction typically causes:
A. Coagulative necrosis
B. Liquefactive necrosis
C. Fat necrosis
D. Fibrinoid necrosis
