Nursing 30010 Maternal and Newborn Nursing - Exam Questions & Verified Answers
Healthy Pregnancy
Conception the union of sperm from the male and the egg from the female
Attach to uterine lining
Preembryonic fertilization-14 days
no placenta during this time
yolk sac developed by day 8/9
Embryonic Development (day 15- 8 weeks) Day 23- cardiac structure begins to beat
Day 49- heart has four chambers
weeks 4-5: arm/leg buds are developed and brain is differentiated
Teratogens factors effecting the embryo and fetus
embryo most vulnerable 2-8 weeks
Ex: alcohol and drugs
Fetal development 9 weeks- all organs and structures present
12 weeks- genitals are differentiated, produce urine, reflex, brain development
14 week- greater muscle and skeletal development
20 week- nails and lanugo, exciting time for parents
25 weeks- covered in vernix, opens and close eyes, immature lungs that would
allow for some gas exchange
Lanugo peach fuzz that the fetus gets on face and shoulder, forehead
Vernix cream cheese like coating that protects the skin
Amniotic fluid fluid that surrounds the baby
Origin: baby's urine
Purpose: Protect the umbilical cord
decompress the cord and allows for it to float
keep the fetus warm
Umbilical cord There is two arteries and one vein-AVA
It is covered in warrant jelly- material that is clear to protect the vessels from
compression
Placenta Organ that grows on uterine wall
The blood never mix, but through osmosis toxins and oxygen in exchange with the
child
Stuvia 2026-2027 | Latest Version
, Nursing 30010 Maternal and Newborn Nursing - Exam Questions & Verified Answers
Placenta anatomy Shining shoult- very vascular,babies side
Dirty ducked side- mother side, dark in color
Amniotic fluid Comes from the urine
Protective cushion
Allows for fetal movement
Practice breathing movements later in pregnancy
Umbilical cord Runs from fetal abdomen to placenta
contains two arteries and one vein AVA
Covered wharton's jelly
Braxton hicks contractions irregular contractions that are not real
do not cause any cervical changes
Breasts breast will increase in size
Will become tender
The nipple will become much darker
Colostrum initial breast milk for the baby
filled with nutrients and antitoxins
Cervix Increased vascularization leads to
Goodell's sign: softening of the cervix
Chadwick's sign: blueish coloring
Vagina increased acidic secretions
loosening of the connective tissue
Cardiovascular changes Co increases and peaks around 30 weeks
Pulse increase
BC increases by 40-45%
Plasma volume increase by 50%
body preparing to lose blood
Vena caval syndrome The pregnancy places pressure on thew vena cava when supine
-leads to decreased blood flow to the heart
-leads to hypotension
mother lays on vena cava when on back
Stuvia 2026-2027 | Latest Version
, Nursing 30010 Maternal and Newborn Nursing - Exam Questions & Verified Answers
GI system N/V
Pyrosis
Ptyalism-excessive salivation
changes in the gum tissue
bloating and constipation
risk for gallstone formation
urinary tract changes pressure from the pregnancy causes urinary frequency during the first and third
trimesters
Linea nigra line due to hormones
extend over the abdomen. Vertically
Will fade away slowly once delivery occurs
Chloasma the mask of the pregnancy
Darken area underneath the eye due to hormones
Striae stretch marks, due to reduce connective tissue strength due to elevated adrenal
hormone levels
Vascular spider nevi occur on the feet, legs, sometime the face
increase blood supple to Subcutaneous tissue related to estrogen
Musculoskeletal changes joints relax
Center of gravity changes
postural changes
diastasis recti
diastasis recti abdominal muscles separate,
this
comes a problem when she wants a natural birth
Weight gain and caloric requirement Normal Weight women= 20-35 lbs
Underweight women= 28-40 lbs
Overweight women= 15-25 lbs
During the 2nd and 3rd trimesters, caloric intake should increase by 300 kcal/day
Endocrine changes BMR increase by 20-25%
hCG pregnancy hormone released by trophoblast
Stuvia 2026-2027 | Latest Version
, Nursing 30010 Maternal and Newborn Nursing - Exam Questions & Verified Answers
hPL more free floating glucoser
Estrogen stimulate uterine development
Progesterone maintain pregnancy
Relaxin helps inhibit uterus activity, aid in soften of cervix
Normal discomfort during 1st trimester N/V
Ptyalism
fatigue
Urinary frequency
Breast tenderness
Vaginal discharge
Nasal stuffiness
2nd and 3rd trimester Pyrosis
LE Edema
Varicose veins
Leg cramps
flatulence/Constipation
Backache
Round Ligament Pain
SOB
Urinary frequency
Difficulty sleeping
Naegele's Rule First day of LMP
Subtract 3 months
add 7 days
Presumptive changes (subjective) Tender breast
N/V
Fatigue
Probably changes (objective) Positive home pregnancy test
Stuvia 2026-2027 | Latest Version
Healthy Pregnancy
Conception the union of sperm from the male and the egg from the female
Attach to uterine lining
Preembryonic fertilization-14 days
no placenta during this time
yolk sac developed by day 8/9
Embryonic Development (day 15- 8 weeks) Day 23- cardiac structure begins to beat
Day 49- heart has four chambers
weeks 4-5: arm/leg buds are developed and brain is differentiated
Teratogens factors effecting the embryo and fetus
embryo most vulnerable 2-8 weeks
Ex: alcohol and drugs
Fetal development 9 weeks- all organs and structures present
12 weeks- genitals are differentiated, produce urine, reflex, brain development
14 week- greater muscle and skeletal development
20 week- nails and lanugo, exciting time for parents
25 weeks- covered in vernix, opens and close eyes, immature lungs that would
allow for some gas exchange
Lanugo peach fuzz that the fetus gets on face and shoulder, forehead
Vernix cream cheese like coating that protects the skin
Amniotic fluid fluid that surrounds the baby
Origin: baby's urine
Purpose: Protect the umbilical cord
decompress the cord and allows for it to float
keep the fetus warm
Umbilical cord There is two arteries and one vein-AVA
It is covered in warrant jelly- material that is clear to protect the vessels from
compression
Placenta Organ that grows on uterine wall
The blood never mix, but through osmosis toxins and oxygen in exchange with the
child
Stuvia 2026-2027 | Latest Version
, Nursing 30010 Maternal and Newborn Nursing - Exam Questions & Verified Answers
Placenta anatomy Shining shoult- very vascular,babies side
Dirty ducked side- mother side, dark in color
Amniotic fluid Comes from the urine
Protective cushion
Allows for fetal movement
Practice breathing movements later in pregnancy
Umbilical cord Runs from fetal abdomen to placenta
contains two arteries and one vein AVA
Covered wharton's jelly
Braxton hicks contractions irregular contractions that are not real
do not cause any cervical changes
Breasts breast will increase in size
Will become tender
The nipple will become much darker
Colostrum initial breast milk for the baby
filled with nutrients and antitoxins
Cervix Increased vascularization leads to
Goodell's sign: softening of the cervix
Chadwick's sign: blueish coloring
Vagina increased acidic secretions
loosening of the connective tissue
Cardiovascular changes Co increases and peaks around 30 weeks
Pulse increase
BC increases by 40-45%
Plasma volume increase by 50%
body preparing to lose blood
Vena caval syndrome The pregnancy places pressure on thew vena cava when supine
-leads to decreased blood flow to the heart
-leads to hypotension
mother lays on vena cava when on back
Stuvia 2026-2027 | Latest Version
, Nursing 30010 Maternal and Newborn Nursing - Exam Questions & Verified Answers
GI system N/V
Pyrosis
Ptyalism-excessive salivation
changes in the gum tissue
bloating and constipation
risk for gallstone formation
urinary tract changes pressure from the pregnancy causes urinary frequency during the first and third
trimesters
Linea nigra line due to hormones
extend over the abdomen. Vertically
Will fade away slowly once delivery occurs
Chloasma the mask of the pregnancy
Darken area underneath the eye due to hormones
Striae stretch marks, due to reduce connective tissue strength due to elevated adrenal
hormone levels
Vascular spider nevi occur on the feet, legs, sometime the face
increase blood supple to Subcutaneous tissue related to estrogen
Musculoskeletal changes joints relax
Center of gravity changes
postural changes
diastasis recti
diastasis recti abdominal muscles separate,
this
comes a problem when she wants a natural birth
Weight gain and caloric requirement Normal Weight women= 20-35 lbs
Underweight women= 28-40 lbs
Overweight women= 15-25 lbs
During the 2nd and 3rd trimesters, caloric intake should increase by 300 kcal/day
Endocrine changes BMR increase by 20-25%
hCG pregnancy hormone released by trophoblast
Stuvia 2026-2027 | Latest Version
, Nursing 30010 Maternal and Newborn Nursing - Exam Questions & Verified Answers
hPL more free floating glucoser
Estrogen stimulate uterine development
Progesterone maintain pregnancy
Relaxin helps inhibit uterus activity, aid in soften of cervix
Normal discomfort during 1st trimester N/V
Ptyalism
fatigue
Urinary frequency
Breast tenderness
Vaginal discharge
Nasal stuffiness
2nd and 3rd trimester Pyrosis
LE Edema
Varicose veins
Leg cramps
flatulence/Constipation
Backache
Round Ligament Pain
SOB
Urinary frequency
Difficulty sleeping
Naegele's Rule First day of LMP
Subtract 3 months
add 7 days
Presumptive changes (subjective) Tender breast
N/V
Fatigue
Probably changes (objective) Positive home pregnancy test
Stuvia 2026-2027 | Latest Version
