,Chapter 1: Nursing and the Health Care System
Section A: Multiple Choice Questions (1–50)
1. Florence Nightingale's contributions to nursing practice and education: A)
are historically important but have no validity for nursing today.
B) were neither recognized nor appreciated in her own time.
C) were a major factor in reducing the death rate in the Crimean War.
D) were limited only to the care of severe traumatic wounds.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: By improving sanitation, nutrition, ventilation, and handwashing techniques, Florence
Nightingale's nurses dramatically reduced the death rate from injuries in the Crimean War .
2. Early nursing education and care in the United States: A)
were directed at community health.
B) provided independence for women through education and employment.
C) were an educational model based in institutions of higher learning.
D) have continued to be entirely focused on hospital nursing.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Because of the influence of early nursing leaders, nursing education became more formalized
through apprenticeships in Nightingale schools that offered independence to women through education
and employment .
3. In order to fulfill the common goals defined by nursing theorists (promote wellness, prevent illness,
facilitate coping, and restore health), the LPN must take on the roles of: A) caregiver, educator, and
collaborator.
B) nursing assistant, delegator, and environmental specialist.
C) medication dispenser, collaborator, and transporter.
D) dietitian, manager, and housekeeper.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In order for the LPN to apply the common goals of nursing, he or she must assume the roles
of caregiver, educator, collaborator, manager, and advocate .
,4. Although nursing theories differ in their attempts to define nursing, all of them base their beliefs on
common concepts concerning:
A) self-actualization, fundamental needs, and belonging.
B) stress reduction, self-care, and a systems model.
C) curative care, restorative care, and terminal care.
D) human relationships, the environment, and health.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Although nursing theories differ, they all base their beliefs on human relationships, the
environment, and health .
5. Standards of care for the nursing practice of the LPN are established by the: A)
Boards of Nursing Examiners in each state.
B) National Council of States Boards of Nursing (NCSBN).
C) American Nurses Association (ANA).
D) National Federation of Licensed Practical Nurses.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The National Federation of Licensed Practical Nurses modified the standards published by the
ANA in 2004 to better fit the role of the LPN .
6. The LPN demonstrates an evidence-based practice when he or she: A)
uses current research findings to guide clinical decisions.
B) follows traditional practices without question.
C) relies solely on personal experience.
D) bases care on what the physician orders.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Evidence-based practice involves using the best available research evidence, clinical expertise,
and patient preferences to guide clinical decisions .
7. The nurse who uses critical thinking in practice will: A)
follow all orders without question.
B) analyze data and make reasoned decisions.
, C) rely on intuition only.
D) avoid asking questions.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Critical thinking involves analyzing data, evaluating evidence, and making reasoned decisions
to provide safe, effective patient care .
8. The primary purpose of the nursing process is to: A)
provide a framework for documentation.
B) provide a systematic method for delivering patient-centered care.
C) satisfy legal requirements.
D) standardize nursing care across all settings.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nursing process is a systematic, problem-solving approach that guides nurses in providing
individualized, patient-centered care .
9. The steps of the nursing process in correct order are:
A) Planning, Assessment, Implementation, Evaluation, Diagnosis
B) Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation
C) Diagnosis, Assessment, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation
D) Assessment, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation, Diagnosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nursing process follows the sequence of Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning,
Implementation, and Evaluation .
10. A 72-year-old man is admitted to a long-term care facility after a stroke. The charge LPN recalls
Florence Nightingale's contributions to nursing practice. Which principle from Nightingale's work most
directly supports the facility's current pressure-injury prevention measures (pressure-reducing
mattresses, scheduled repositioning, documentation of skin integrity)?
A) Nursing is primarily a vocational calling that requires moral character.
B) Clean environment and ventilation reduce patient morbidity and mortality.
C) Nursing care should be guided by individualized nursing philosophies.
D) Nursing should be separate from medicine and focus on family dynamics.
Section A: Multiple Choice Questions (1–50)
1. Florence Nightingale's contributions to nursing practice and education: A)
are historically important but have no validity for nursing today.
B) were neither recognized nor appreciated in her own time.
C) were a major factor in reducing the death rate in the Crimean War.
D) were limited only to the care of severe traumatic wounds.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: By improving sanitation, nutrition, ventilation, and handwashing techniques, Florence
Nightingale's nurses dramatically reduced the death rate from injuries in the Crimean War .
2. Early nursing education and care in the United States: A)
were directed at community health.
B) provided independence for women through education and employment.
C) were an educational model based in institutions of higher learning.
D) have continued to be entirely focused on hospital nursing.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Because of the influence of early nursing leaders, nursing education became more formalized
through apprenticeships in Nightingale schools that offered independence to women through education
and employment .
3. In order to fulfill the common goals defined by nursing theorists (promote wellness, prevent illness,
facilitate coping, and restore health), the LPN must take on the roles of: A) caregiver, educator, and
collaborator.
B) nursing assistant, delegator, and environmental specialist.
C) medication dispenser, collaborator, and transporter.
D) dietitian, manager, and housekeeper.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In order for the LPN to apply the common goals of nursing, he or she must assume the roles
of caregiver, educator, collaborator, manager, and advocate .
,4. Although nursing theories differ in their attempts to define nursing, all of them base their beliefs on
common concepts concerning:
A) self-actualization, fundamental needs, and belonging.
B) stress reduction, self-care, and a systems model.
C) curative care, restorative care, and terminal care.
D) human relationships, the environment, and health.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Although nursing theories differ, they all base their beliefs on human relationships, the
environment, and health .
5. Standards of care for the nursing practice of the LPN are established by the: A)
Boards of Nursing Examiners in each state.
B) National Council of States Boards of Nursing (NCSBN).
C) American Nurses Association (ANA).
D) National Federation of Licensed Practical Nurses.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The National Federation of Licensed Practical Nurses modified the standards published by the
ANA in 2004 to better fit the role of the LPN .
6. The LPN demonstrates an evidence-based practice when he or she: A)
uses current research findings to guide clinical decisions.
B) follows traditional practices without question.
C) relies solely on personal experience.
D) bases care on what the physician orders.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Evidence-based practice involves using the best available research evidence, clinical expertise,
and patient preferences to guide clinical decisions .
7. The nurse who uses critical thinking in practice will: A)
follow all orders without question.
B) analyze data and make reasoned decisions.
, C) rely on intuition only.
D) avoid asking questions.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Critical thinking involves analyzing data, evaluating evidence, and making reasoned decisions
to provide safe, effective patient care .
8. The primary purpose of the nursing process is to: A)
provide a framework for documentation.
B) provide a systematic method for delivering patient-centered care.
C) satisfy legal requirements.
D) standardize nursing care across all settings.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nursing process is a systematic, problem-solving approach that guides nurses in providing
individualized, patient-centered care .
9. The steps of the nursing process in correct order are:
A) Planning, Assessment, Implementation, Evaluation, Diagnosis
B) Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation
C) Diagnosis, Assessment, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation
D) Assessment, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation, Diagnosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nursing process follows the sequence of Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning,
Implementation, and Evaluation .
10. A 72-year-old man is admitted to a long-term care facility after a stroke. The charge LPN recalls
Florence Nightingale's contributions to nursing practice. Which principle from Nightingale's work most
directly supports the facility's current pressure-injury prevention measures (pressure-reducing
mattresses, scheduled repositioning, documentation of skin integrity)?
A) Nursing is primarily a vocational calling that requires moral character.
B) Clean environment and ventilation reduce patient morbidity and mortality.
C) Nursing care should be guided by individualized nursing philosophies.
D) Nursing should be separate from medicine and focus on family dynamics.
