D115 PRACTICE
QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT
ANSWERS
[Document subtitle]
,DNA polymerase - correct ans:Adds nucleotides to a DNA strand.
Ribosome - correct ans:Site where protein synthesis occurs.
Trisomy X syndrome - correct ans:Condition with an extra X chromosome in
females.
Sex-linked recessive - correct ans:Genetic disease affecting males more than
females.
X-linked recessive inheritance - correct ans:Passed from affected father to all
daughters.
Sex-linked trait - correct ans:Occurs more often in one sex than another.
Chromosomal abnormalities - correct ans:Leading cause of fetal miscarriage
and intellectual disability.
Prenatal diagnostic studies - correct ans:Includes amniocentesis and
chorionic villus sampling.
Relative risk - correct ans:Ratio of disease rate in exposed vs unexposed.
Empirical risks - correct ans:Based on liability thresholds for multifactorial
diseases.
Cri du chat syndrome - correct ans:Characterized by a missing gene on a
chromosome.
,X-linked recessive disease - correct ans:Can skip generations via female
carriers.
Silenced gene - correct ans:Refers to a gene that is not expressed.
Relative risk definition - correct ans:Chance of developing disease relative to
an exposure.
Reoccurrence risk - correct ans:Higher with multiple affected family
members.
BRCA1 gene - correct ans:Located on chromosome 13, linked to breast
cancer.
Breast cancer risk - correct ans:Triples with one affected first-degree relative.
Type 2 diabetes - correct ans:Often treated with lifestyle modifications.
miRNAs - correct ans:Short nucleotides derived from introns of genes.
Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome - correct ans:Involves extra copies of active
IGF2.
Epigenetics - correct ans:Study of heritable changes without altering DNA
sequence.
Klinefelter syndrome - correct ans:Condition in males with an extra X
chromosome.
, Turner syndrome - correct ans:Condition in females with a missing X
chromosome.
Fragile X syndrome - correct ans:Genetic condition causing developmental
issues.
Autosomal recessive - correct ans:Requires two copies of the gene for
expression.
Autosomal dominant - correct ans:Only one copy of the gene is needed.
Cardiovascular Disease - correct ans:Linked to chromosomal abnormalities.
Mental Illness - correct ans:Can be caused by genetic and environmental
factors.
Drug sensitivity test - correct ans:Assesses individual response to
medications.
Hypomethylation - correct ans:Decreased methylation affecting gene
expression and tumor progression.
RB1 gene - correct ans:Gene associated with retinoblastoma, a childhood
cancer.
Retinoblastoma - correct ans:Eye cancer linked to RB1 gene
hypomethylation.
Tumorigenesis - correct ans:Process of tumor formation linked to miRNA
hypomethylation.
QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT
ANSWERS
[Document subtitle]
,DNA polymerase - correct ans:Adds nucleotides to a DNA strand.
Ribosome - correct ans:Site where protein synthesis occurs.
Trisomy X syndrome - correct ans:Condition with an extra X chromosome in
females.
Sex-linked recessive - correct ans:Genetic disease affecting males more than
females.
X-linked recessive inheritance - correct ans:Passed from affected father to all
daughters.
Sex-linked trait - correct ans:Occurs more often in one sex than another.
Chromosomal abnormalities - correct ans:Leading cause of fetal miscarriage
and intellectual disability.
Prenatal diagnostic studies - correct ans:Includes amniocentesis and
chorionic villus sampling.
Relative risk - correct ans:Ratio of disease rate in exposed vs unexposed.
Empirical risks - correct ans:Based on liability thresholds for multifactorial
diseases.
Cri du chat syndrome - correct ans:Characterized by a missing gene on a
chromosome.
,X-linked recessive disease - correct ans:Can skip generations via female
carriers.
Silenced gene - correct ans:Refers to a gene that is not expressed.
Relative risk definition - correct ans:Chance of developing disease relative to
an exposure.
Reoccurrence risk - correct ans:Higher with multiple affected family
members.
BRCA1 gene - correct ans:Located on chromosome 13, linked to breast
cancer.
Breast cancer risk - correct ans:Triples with one affected first-degree relative.
Type 2 diabetes - correct ans:Often treated with lifestyle modifications.
miRNAs - correct ans:Short nucleotides derived from introns of genes.
Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome - correct ans:Involves extra copies of active
IGF2.
Epigenetics - correct ans:Study of heritable changes without altering DNA
sequence.
Klinefelter syndrome - correct ans:Condition in males with an extra X
chromosome.
, Turner syndrome - correct ans:Condition in females with a missing X
chromosome.
Fragile X syndrome - correct ans:Genetic condition causing developmental
issues.
Autosomal recessive - correct ans:Requires two copies of the gene for
expression.
Autosomal dominant - correct ans:Only one copy of the gene is needed.
Cardiovascular Disease - correct ans:Linked to chromosomal abnormalities.
Mental Illness - correct ans:Can be caused by genetic and environmental
factors.
Drug sensitivity test - correct ans:Assesses individual response to
medications.
Hypomethylation - correct ans:Decreased methylation affecting gene
expression and tumor progression.
RB1 gene - correct ans:Gene associated with retinoblastoma, a childhood
cancer.
Retinoblastoma - correct ans:Eye cancer linked to RB1 gene
hypomethylation.
Tumorigenesis - correct ans:Process of tumor formation linked to miRNA
hypomethylation.
