SURGERY EOR COMPLETE EXAM REVIEW
WITH FULL SOLUTIONS
●● [19. Skin Cancer] What is true about Major risk factors?
Answer: include cumulative ultraviolet exposure, fair/light skin,
tendency to burn, increasing age, prior skin cancer, immunosuppression,
ionizing radiation, and genetic syndromes such as basal cell nevus
(Gorlin) syndrome
●● [19. Skin Cancer] risk factors and treatment options for Basal Cell
Carcinoma — key point 3/8?
Answer: BCC most often occurs on sun-exposed head and neck skin and
usually grows locally with extremely low metastatic potential
●● [19. Skin Cancer] risk factors and treatment options for Basal Cell
Carcinoma — key point 4/8?
Answer: Treatment depends on size, location, histology, recurrence
status, and patient factors
●● [19. Skin Cancer] What is true about Standard surgical excision with
histologically negative margins?
Answer: is appropriate for many lesions
,●● [19. Skin Cancer] What is true about Mohs micrographic surgery
provides complete margin assessment while preserving tissue and?
Answer: is especially useful for high-risk, recurrent, poorly defined, or
cosmetically/functionally sensitive lesions of the face
●● [19. Skin Cancer] risk factors and treatment options for Basal Cell
Carcinoma — key point 7/8?
Answer: Selected superficial low-risk lesions may be treated with
curettage/electrodesiccation, topical agents, or other destructive methods
●● [19. Skin Cancer] risk factors and treatment options for Basal Cell
Carcinoma — key point 8/8?
Answer: Locally advanced/unresectable disease can be treated with
Hedgehog-pathway inhibitors; radiation is an option when surgery is
unsuitable
●● [19. Skin Cancer] What is true about Cutaneous squamous cell
carcinoma (SCC)?
Answer: is strongly related to cumulative UV exposure
●● [19. Skin Cancer] What is true about Risk factors?
Answer: include fair skin, chronic sun exposure, actinic keratoses,
immunosuppression (especially solid-organ transplantation), chronic
scars/wounds or inflammation (Marjolin-type SCC), radiation exposure,
,certain chemical exposures, HPV at selected sites, and inherited
disorders such as xeroderma pigmentosum
●● [19. Skin Cancer] What is true about Most localized SCC?
Answer: is treated surgically
●● [19. Skin Cancer] What is true about Standard excision?
Answer: is appropriate for low-risk lesions, while Mohs surgery is
favored for high-risk areas, recurrent lesions, poorly defined tumors,
aggressive histology, perineural invasion risk, or tissue-sparing needs
●● [19. Skin Cancer] What is true about Regional nodal evaluation?
Answer: is important in clinically high-risk disease because SCC has
greater metastatic potential than BCC
●● [19. Skin Cancer] risk factors and treatment options for Squamous
Cell Carcinoma — key point 6/7?
Answer: Radiation can be definitive or adjuvant in selected patients
●● [19. Skin Cancer] risk factors and treatment options for Squamous
Cell Carcinoma — key point 7/7?
Answer: Advanced unresectable/metastatic cutaneous SCC may respond
to PD-1 checkpoint immunotherapy
, ●● [19. Skin Cancer] melanoma risk factors including pre-existing
lesions and cancer-associated gene — key point 1/6?
Answer: mutations
●● [19. Skin Cancer] melanoma risk factors including pre-existing
lesions and cancer-associated gene — key point 2/6?
Answer: Melanoma risk rises with fair complexion, red/blond hair, light
eyes, inability to tan, freckling, Fitzpatrick I-II skin, intense intermittent
UV exposure and blistering sunburns, tanning-bed exposure,
immunosuppression, family history, prior melanoma, and numerous
melanocytic nevi
●● [19. Skin Cancer] melanoma risk factors including pre-existing
lesions and cancer-associated gene — key point 3/6?
Answer: Melanoma often arises de novo, but Sabiston notes that up to
about 40% may arise in preexisting lesions such as dysplastic nevi,
congenital nevi, and Spitz nevi
●● [19. Skin Cancer] What is true about A large number of
atypical/dysplastic nevi?
Answer: is an important risk marker
●● [19. Skin Cancer] What is true about Hereditary melanoma
syndromes?
Answer: are especially associated with CDKN2A pathogenic variants
WITH FULL SOLUTIONS
●● [19. Skin Cancer] What is true about Major risk factors?
Answer: include cumulative ultraviolet exposure, fair/light skin,
tendency to burn, increasing age, prior skin cancer, immunosuppression,
ionizing radiation, and genetic syndromes such as basal cell nevus
(Gorlin) syndrome
●● [19. Skin Cancer] risk factors and treatment options for Basal Cell
Carcinoma — key point 3/8?
Answer: BCC most often occurs on sun-exposed head and neck skin and
usually grows locally with extremely low metastatic potential
●● [19. Skin Cancer] risk factors and treatment options for Basal Cell
Carcinoma — key point 4/8?
Answer: Treatment depends on size, location, histology, recurrence
status, and patient factors
●● [19. Skin Cancer] What is true about Standard surgical excision with
histologically negative margins?
Answer: is appropriate for many lesions
,●● [19. Skin Cancer] What is true about Mohs micrographic surgery
provides complete margin assessment while preserving tissue and?
Answer: is especially useful for high-risk, recurrent, poorly defined, or
cosmetically/functionally sensitive lesions of the face
●● [19. Skin Cancer] risk factors and treatment options for Basal Cell
Carcinoma — key point 7/8?
Answer: Selected superficial low-risk lesions may be treated with
curettage/electrodesiccation, topical agents, or other destructive methods
●● [19. Skin Cancer] risk factors and treatment options for Basal Cell
Carcinoma — key point 8/8?
Answer: Locally advanced/unresectable disease can be treated with
Hedgehog-pathway inhibitors; radiation is an option when surgery is
unsuitable
●● [19. Skin Cancer] What is true about Cutaneous squamous cell
carcinoma (SCC)?
Answer: is strongly related to cumulative UV exposure
●● [19. Skin Cancer] What is true about Risk factors?
Answer: include fair skin, chronic sun exposure, actinic keratoses,
immunosuppression (especially solid-organ transplantation), chronic
scars/wounds or inflammation (Marjolin-type SCC), radiation exposure,
,certain chemical exposures, HPV at selected sites, and inherited
disorders such as xeroderma pigmentosum
●● [19. Skin Cancer] What is true about Most localized SCC?
Answer: is treated surgically
●● [19. Skin Cancer] What is true about Standard excision?
Answer: is appropriate for low-risk lesions, while Mohs surgery is
favored for high-risk areas, recurrent lesions, poorly defined tumors,
aggressive histology, perineural invasion risk, or tissue-sparing needs
●● [19. Skin Cancer] What is true about Regional nodal evaluation?
Answer: is important in clinically high-risk disease because SCC has
greater metastatic potential than BCC
●● [19. Skin Cancer] risk factors and treatment options for Squamous
Cell Carcinoma — key point 6/7?
Answer: Radiation can be definitive or adjuvant in selected patients
●● [19. Skin Cancer] risk factors and treatment options for Squamous
Cell Carcinoma — key point 7/7?
Answer: Advanced unresectable/metastatic cutaneous SCC may respond
to PD-1 checkpoint immunotherapy
, ●● [19. Skin Cancer] melanoma risk factors including pre-existing
lesions and cancer-associated gene — key point 1/6?
Answer: mutations
●● [19. Skin Cancer] melanoma risk factors including pre-existing
lesions and cancer-associated gene — key point 2/6?
Answer: Melanoma risk rises with fair complexion, red/blond hair, light
eyes, inability to tan, freckling, Fitzpatrick I-II skin, intense intermittent
UV exposure and blistering sunburns, tanning-bed exposure,
immunosuppression, family history, prior melanoma, and numerous
melanocytic nevi
●● [19. Skin Cancer] melanoma risk factors including pre-existing
lesions and cancer-associated gene — key point 3/6?
Answer: Melanoma often arises de novo, but Sabiston notes that up to
about 40% may arise in preexisting lesions such as dysplastic nevi,
congenital nevi, and Spitz nevi
●● [19. Skin Cancer] What is true about A large number of
atypical/dysplastic nevi?
Answer: is an important risk marker
●● [19. Skin Cancer] What is true about Hereditary melanoma
syndromes?
Answer: are especially associated with CDKN2A pathogenic variants
