Biology 110 exam 1 ULL Complete Study Guide
1. scientific method observations, questions, hypothesis, test hypothesis, conclusion/ A WAY TO
THINK
2. hypothesis an answer to a question that may or may not be right
3. atom the smallest functional units of matter
4. proton positive, found in nucleus, same number as electrons
5. electrons negative, same as protons
6. neutron neutral, found in nucleus, # varies
7. ion when an atom gains or loses electrons
8. isotope multiple forms of an element that ditter in the number of neutrons NOT
protons
9. isomer 2 structures with an identical molecular formula but ditterent structures and
characteristics (puzzle pieces)
10. structural isomers same atoms but ditterent bonding relationships
11. stereoisomers identical bonding relationships, but the spatial positioning of the atoms ditters
in the two isomers
12. geometric isomers position around double bond varies
13. enantiomers mirror image of another molecule
14. orbital region in which electrons travel
15. s orbitals spherical
16. p orbitals dumbbell shaped
, Biology 110 exam 1 ULL Complete Study Guide
17. energy shell electrons fill the shells to become more stable
18. atoms nucleus contains protons and neutrons; small, dense region of highly concentrated
positive change
19. valence electrons electrons in the outermost shell that are available to combine with other atoms
20. octet rule atoms are stable when their outer shell is full/usually with 8 electrons
21. atomic number the number of protons in an atom. also equal to the number of electrons in
the atom so that the net change is zero
22. atomic mass average of the weights of ditterent isotopes of an element
23. covalent bonds atoms share electrons, strongest chemical bond
24. polar covalent share unequally/two atoms with ditterent electronegativity
25. ionic bonds an atom gives away its electron NOT SHARE electrons/when a cation bonds to
an anion
26. hydrogen bonds occur because polar covalent bonds exist/holds DNA together
27. hydrophilic water loving (polar covalent bonds); dissolve easily in water
28. hydrophobic water hating (nonpolar bonds)
29. amphipathic both polar and nonpolar regions/may form micelles in water
30. Vander Waal's in- help hold the structure of a large molecular in place by weakly holding atoms
teractions that are near each other in place/very weak hold
31. salt is an IONIC bond
32. water less dense as a solid
has a high specific heat
1. scientific method observations, questions, hypothesis, test hypothesis, conclusion/ A WAY TO
THINK
2. hypothesis an answer to a question that may or may not be right
3. atom the smallest functional units of matter
4. proton positive, found in nucleus, same number as electrons
5. electrons negative, same as protons
6. neutron neutral, found in nucleus, # varies
7. ion when an atom gains or loses electrons
8. isotope multiple forms of an element that ditter in the number of neutrons NOT
protons
9. isomer 2 structures with an identical molecular formula but ditterent structures and
characteristics (puzzle pieces)
10. structural isomers same atoms but ditterent bonding relationships
11. stereoisomers identical bonding relationships, but the spatial positioning of the atoms ditters
in the two isomers
12. geometric isomers position around double bond varies
13. enantiomers mirror image of another molecule
14. orbital region in which electrons travel
15. s orbitals spherical
16. p orbitals dumbbell shaped
, Biology 110 exam 1 ULL Complete Study Guide
17. energy shell electrons fill the shells to become more stable
18. atoms nucleus contains protons and neutrons; small, dense region of highly concentrated
positive change
19. valence electrons electrons in the outermost shell that are available to combine with other atoms
20. octet rule atoms are stable when their outer shell is full/usually with 8 electrons
21. atomic number the number of protons in an atom. also equal to the number of electrons in
the atom so that the net change is zero
22. atomic mass average of the weights of ditterent isotopes of an element
23. covalent bonds atoms share electrons, strongest chemical bond
24. polar covalent share unequally/two atoms with ditterent electronegativity
25. ionic bonds an atom gives away its electron NOT SHARE electrons/when a cation bonds to
an anion
26. hydrogen bonds occur because polar covalent bonds exist/holds DNA together
27. hydrophilic water loving (polar covalent bonds); dissolve easily in water
28. hydrophobic water hating (nonpolar bonds)
29. amphipathic both polar and nonpolar regions/may form micelles in water
30. Vander Waal's in- help hold the structure of a large molecular in place by weakly holding atoms
teractions that are near each other in place/very weak hold
31. salt is an IONIC bond
32. water less dense as a solid
has a high specific heat
