Nurs 661 exam 1 Questions and Answers

Nurs 661 exam 1 Questions and Answers Unconscious competency Stages of learning- we blend skills together and they become habits, allowing use without struggling with components Novice Benners stage of learning- no exp, governed by rules and regs. Advanced beginner Benners stages of learning- recognizes aspects of situations and makes judgments. Competent/proficient Benners stages of learning- we begin to acquire the skills and concentrate on what we are doing. Expert Flexible, efficient, uses intuition Attunement how reactive a person is to another's emotional needs and moods Egocentrism the inability to see the world through anyone else's eyes- all about me. Minimizing the unconscious process of making problems seem less severe than they actually are Neuroplasticity the ability within the brain to constantly change both the structure and function of many cells in response to experience or trauma- brains ability to adapt Nurturing Caring Overdeterminism problem has multiple causes. Someone has depression from a situation that is prolonged for years, could be taht one problem or could be biologic where it's genetic, may not be able to pinpoint wher the depression is coming from, genetic, situational. Psych patients very rare it is just one cause. Can't pinpoint Reframing Adjusting the outlook, seeing from a different perspective. Resilience Adapting quickly Biomedical holistic model Treating symptoms (aim to cure) vs. treating whole system (aim to heal) Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) AIP theory holds that the brain is capable of adapting and learning from the events in our life. Pathology develops when this adaptive process has not occurred or has not been completed around a traumatic or stressful event. A theory of his brain works. Ex: EMDR Brain is processing system where info taken in and learned. Innate self healing quality in brain and strives to regulate internal environment. Pos and neg exp effect neurophysiological harmony. Memory is stored in neural networks and learning how memory is organized. diathesis-stress model suggests that a person may be predisposed for a mental disorder that remains unexpressed until triggered by stress. Nature vs. nurture, genetics vs env, interaction between inherent vulnerability and env stressors. Acetylcholine (ACh) Memory! A neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory and also triggers muscle contraction. Increase- anti cholinergic crisis, decrease- learning, memory impairments. Cortisol stress hormone released by the adrenal cortex- goes with with stress. Energy Dopamine Reward! influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion. Too much- mania, psychosis. Too little- Parkinson's, depression, in person with Parkinson's and psychotic must work closely with neurologist. GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) inhibition of action potentials, anxiety reduction, calm. Too little- anxiety Glutamate The most common neurotransmitter in the brain. Excitatory. Too much- anxiety and toxic Norepinephrine (NE) Brain arousal and other functions like mood, hunger, and sleep. Fight/flight/freeze. Memory & cognition, too much-anxiety, agitation, aggression. Too little- depression, low focus Serotonin (5-HT) Excitatory or inhibitory; involved in sleep, mood, anxiety, and appetite. Too much- anxiety, too little- depression. Denial (immature) Behaving as if an aspect of reality does not exist Projection (immature) Blaming others for unacceptable thoughts and feelings. Feeling like other person is having the feelings the person is having about them. Acting out (defense mechanism)- (immature) performing an extreme behavior in order to express thoughts or feelings the person feels incapable of otherwise expressing Regression (Immature Defense) Back to younger age. Bed wetting. Hypochondria (immature) Exaggerate or makeup illness. Or anger and hostility are transformed into pain and somatic complaints. Can use to avoid. Introjection: Defense Mechanism (immature) -a coping mechanism when we take on attributes of other people who seem better able to cope with the situation than we do. EX: Children integrate their parents value system into the process of conscience formation. Or identify with aggressor and person becomes aggressive to gain control. Isolation (immature) separation from others; aloneness Somatizing (immature) converting anxiety into physical symptoms Splitting (immature) description: belief that people are either all good or all bad at different times due to intolerance of ambiguity; seen in boderline personality disorder example: a patient says that all the nurses are cold and insensitive but that the doctors are warm and friendly repression (Neurotic defense) Blocking memories, keeping them down. Can be conscious or unconscious. displacment (defense mechanism) neurotic taking out anger on someone else Dissociation (neurotic defense) Avoiding emotional distress through an altered state of consciousness,. Ex: person loses hours of time and doesn't know what happened. Intellectualization Defense Mechanism- neurotic use of excessive reasoning or logic to deal with situations rather than feeling their emotions: Rationalization (defense mechanism)- neurotic offering self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening unconscious reasons for one's actions reaction formation (defense mechanism)- neurotic warding off an uncomfortable thought by overemphasizing its opposite sublimation (defense mechanism)- mature channeling threatening devices into acceptable outlets (e.g. working out) sublet--outlet Suppression: Defense Mechanism- mature Consciously and intentionally pushing unpleasant feelings out of one's mind Altruism (mature defense) Vicariously experiencing pleasure through doing good for others to avoid negative feelings about oneself. Humor (mature defense) Using comedy to express feelings and thoughts without discomfort. closed-ended questions Questions that can be answered in short or single word responses. Yes or no empathetic statements Repeat what pat says. Active listening. Gentle command Tell me about your family situation. Try to describe how you felt when. Share with me what you think a good outcome would be. Tell me more questions open-ended questions questions that allow respondents to answer however they want What brings you in today? How can I help? Qualitative questions Asking quality of something. How are you sleeping? How is school going? (Good, bad, ok?). Kind of a measurement. Swing Questions Questions that can be answered with yes or no but are designed to invite more elaborate discussion of feelings, thoughts or issues. Usually begins with could, would, can, or will. Can you describe? domineering ruling or controlling arrogantly; overbearing; tyrannical intrusive No boundaries Overly nurturing I put other people's needs before my own too much. Smothering. Love bombing. vindictive having or showing a strong or unreasoning desire for revenge hypothalamus functions include autonomic nervous system control center and center for emotional expression and behavior hippocampus (memory) A neural center located in the limbic system that helps process explicit memories for storage. amygdala (memory) emotional memories are involved here