,TEST BANK: Microbiology An Evolving Science, 5th
Edition
CHAPTER 1: Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery
DETAILED TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I: THE ORIGIN OF MICROBIAL LIFE (150 Questions)
1.1 The Origin of Life on Earth (50 Questions)
1.1.1 Abiogenesis vs. Biogenesis
1.1.2 The Primordial Soup Hypothesis
1.1.3 RNA World Hypothesis
1.1.4 Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vents
1.2 The Tree of Life (50 Questions)
1.2.1 The Three Domains: Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
1.2.2 Endosymbiotic Theory
1.2.3 Phylogenetic Trees and Molecular Clocks
1.3 The Nature of Viruses (50 Questions)
1.3.1 Acellular Structure and Classification
1.3.2 Viral Replication Cycles
1.3.3 Viroids, Virusoids, and Prions
PART II: THE DISCOVERY OF MICROORGANISMS (200 Questions)
2.1 The Microscope and Early Observations (50 Questions)
2.1.1 Hooke and the Cell
2.1.2 Leeuwenhoek and the "Animalcules"
2.2 Spontaneous Generation Debates (75 Questions)
2.2.1 Redi's Meat Experiment
2.2.2 Needham vs. Spallanzani
, 2.2.3 Pasteur's Swan-Neck Flask Experiment
2.3 The Germ Theory of Disease (75 Questions)
2.3.1 Semmelweis and Handwashing
2.3.2 Lister and Antisepsis
2.3.3 Koch's Postulates
PART III: THE GOLDEN AGE OF MICROBIOLOGY (150 Questions)
3.1 Pure Culture Techniques (50 Questions)
3.2 Vaccination and Immunology (50 Questions)
3.3 Chemotherapy and Antibiotics (50 Questions)
PART IV: MODERN MICROBIOLOGY AND BEYOND (250 Questions)
4.1 Microbial Ecology and Metagenomics (75 Questions)
4.2 Molecular Biology and Genetics (75 Questions)
4.3 Biotechnology and Industrial Microbiology (50 Questions)
4.4 Emerging Infectious Diseases and Public Health (50 Questions)
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Viruses are:
A. infectious agents that infect multi-cellular organisms
B. noncellular particles that take over the metabolism of a cell to generate more virus particles
C. pathogens that replicate in complex growth media
D. cellular particles that belong to the archaea domain
E. microbes that consist of lipid membrane enclosed genomes
ANS: B
DIF: Easy
REF: 1.1
TOP: I.A | I.B
MSC: Remembering
Rationale: Viruses are acellular (noncellular) obligate intracellular parasites. They lack the
machinery for metabolism and replication, so they must hijack a host cell's metabolic machinery
to replicatE.
2. Which of the following scientists is credited with the discovery of the "animalcules" using a
single-lens microscope?
, A. Robert Hooke
B. Louis Pasteur
C. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
D. Robert Koch
E. Joseph Lister
ANS: C
DIF: Easy
REF: 1.2
TOP: II.A. 2
MSC: Remembering
Rationale: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, a Dutch cloth merchant, was the first to observe and
accurately describe bacteria and protozoa (which he called "animalcules") using his meticulously
crafted single-lens microscopes.
3. The theory of spontaneous generation was definitively disproven by which scientist using swan-
neck flasks?
A. John Needham
B. Lazzaro Spallanzani
C. Louis Pasteur
D. Rudolf Virchow
E. Francesco Redi
ANS: C
DIF: Moderate
REF: 1.2
TOP: II.B.3
MSC: Understanding
Rationale: Louis Pasteur's swan-neck flask experiment allowed air to enter the flask but trapped dust
and microbes in the curve of the neck. When the flasks remained sterile, it proved that microbes
come from pre-existing microbes, not spontaneous generation.
4. Which of the following is NOT one of the three domains of life?
A. Bacteria
B. Archaea
C. Eukarya
D. Viruses
E. All of the above are domains
ANS: D
DIF: Easy
REF: 1.1
TOP: I.B.1
Edition
CHAPTER 1: Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery
DETAILED TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I: THE ORIGIN OF MICROBIAL LIFE (150 Questions)
1.1 The Origin of Life on Earth (50 Questions)
1.1.1 Abiogenesis vs. Biogenesis
1.1.2 The Primordial Soup Hypothesis
1.1.3 RNA World Hypothesis
1.1.4 Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vents
1.2 The Tree of Life (50 Questions)
1.2.1 The Three Domains: Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
1.2.2 Endosymbiotic Theory
1.2.3 Phylogenetic Trees and Molecular Clocks
1.3 The Nature of Viruses (50 Questions)
1.3.1 Acellular Structure and Classification
1.3.2 Viral Replication Cycles
1.3.3 Viroids, Virusoids, and Prions
PART II: THE DISCOVERY OF MICROORGANISMS (200 Questions)
2.1 The Microscope and Early Observations (50 Questions)
2.1.1 Hooke and the Cell
2.1.2 Leeuwenhoek and the "Animalcules"
2.2 Spontaneous Generation Debates (75 Questions)
2.2.1 Redi's Meat Experiment
2.2.2 Needham vs. Spallanzani
, 2.2.3 Pasteur's Swan-Neck Flask Experiment
2.3 The Germ Theory of Disease (75 Questions)
2.3.1 Semmelweis and Handwashing
2.3.2 Lister and Antisepsis
2.3.3 Koch's Postulates
PART III: THE GOLDEN AGE OF MICROBIOLOGY (150 Questions)
3.1 Pure Culture Techniques (50 Questions)
3.2 Vaccination and Immunology (50 Questions)
3.3 Chemotherapy and Antibiotics (50 Questions)
PART IV: MODERN MICROBIOLOGY AND BEYOND (250 Questions)
4.1 Microbial Ecology and Metagenomics (75 Questions)
4.2 Molecular Biology and Genetics (75 Questions)
4.3 Biotechnology and Industrial Microbiology (50 Questions)
4.4 Emerging Infectious Diseases and Public Health (50 Questions)
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Viruses are:
A. infectious agents that infect multi-cellular organisms
B. noncellular particles that take over the metabolism of a cell to generate more virus particles
C. pathogens that replicate in complex growth media
D. cellular particles that belong to the archaea domain
E. microbes that consist of lipid membrane enclosed genomes
ANS: B
DIF: Easy
REF: 1.1
TOP: I.A | I.B
MSC: Remembering
Rationale: Viruses are acellular (noncellular) obligate intracellular parasites. They lack the
machinery for metabolism and replication, so they must hijack a host cell's metabolic machinery
to replicatE.
2. Which of the following scientists is credited with the discovery of the "animalcules" using a
single-lens microscope?
, A. Robert Hooke
B. Louis Pasteur
C. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
D. Robert Koch
E. Joseph Lister
ANS: C
DIF: Easy
REF: 1.2
TOP: II.A. 2
MSC: Remembering
Rationale: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, a Dutch cloth merchant, was the first to observe and
accurately describe bacteria and protozoa (which he called "animalcules") using his meticulously
crafted single-lens microscopes.
3. The theory of spontaneous generation was definitively disproven by which scientist using swan-
neck flasks?
A. John Needham
B. Lazzaro Spallanzani
C. Louis Pasteur
D. Rudolf Virchow
E. Francesco Redi
ANS: C
DIF: Moderate
REF: 1.2
TOP: II.B.3
MSC: Understanding
Rationale: Louis Pasteur's swan-neck flask experiment allowed air to enter the flask but trapped dust
and microbes in the curve of the neck. When the flasks remained sterile, it proved that microbes
come from pre-existing microbes, not spontaneous generation.
4. Which of the following is NOT one of the three domains of life?
A. Bacteria
B. Archaea
C. Eukarya
D. Viruses
E. All of the above are domains
ANS: D
DIF: Easy
REF: 1.1
TOP: I.B.1
