MED-SURG I COMPREHENSIVE HESI
TEST BANK QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS |GRADE A+| JUST RELEASED
1. A client with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presents with a pH
of 7.25, PaCO2 of 62 mmHg, and HCO3 of 28 mEq/L. Which acid-base imbalance is the client
experiencing?
A. Respiratory Acidosis, partially compensated
B. Respiratory Alkalosis, uncompensated
C. Metabolic Acidosis, fully compensated
D. Metabolic Alkalosis, partially compensated
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: The pH is low (acidosis), the PaCO2 is high (respiratory cause),
and the HCO3 is elevated as the kidneys attempt to buffer the acidity, indicating partial
compensation.
2. A client is admitted with a serum potassium level of 6.7 mEq/L. Which prescription should
the nurse implement first?
A. Regular insulin 10 units and 50% dextrose IV
B. Spironolactone 25 mg daily
,C. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate orally
D. Cardiac monitoring and a 12-lead ECG
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: While ECG monitoring is crucial, the fastest way to shift
potassium into the cells to prevent lethal arrhythmias is the administration of insulin and
dextrose. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate takes longer to act.
3. The nurse is caring for a client post-thyroidectomy. Which assessment finding requires
immediate intervention?
A. Hoarseness while speaking
B. Pain level of 4/10 at the incision site
C. Positive Trousseau’s sign
D. Serum calcium level of 9.0 mg/dL
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: A positive Trousseau’s sign indicates hypocalcemia, a potential
complication if the parathyroid glands were accidentally removed or damaged, which can
lead to laryngospasm and seizures.
4. Which clinical manifestation should the nurse monitor for in a client diagnosed with
Cushing’s syndrome?
A. Hyponatremia and hyperkalemia
, B. Trunkal obesity and moon face
C. Postural hypotension and weight loss
D. Hyperpigmentation of the skin
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Cushing’s syndrome results from excessive cortisol, leading to
fat redistribution (moon face, buffalo hump, trunkal obesity) and hyperglycemia.
5. A client with Type 1 Diabetes is found unconscious with a blood glucose of 48 mg/dL.
Which action should the nurse take first?
A. Administer 15g of simple carbohydrates orally
B. Recheck the blood glucose in 15 minutes
C. Give 1 mg of Glucagon intramuscularly
D. Administer 4 units of regular insulin
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Since the client is unconscious and cannot safely swallow,
intramuscular glucagon or IV dextrose is the priority to raise blood glucose rapidly.
6. A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client with Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). Which
finding is most indicative of the intrarenal category of AKI?
A. BUN to Creatinine ratio of 25:1
B. Urine specific gravity of 1.010
TEST BANK QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS |GRADE A+| JUST RELEASED
1. A client with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presents with a pH
of 7.25, PaCO2 of 62 mmHg, and HCO3 of 28 mEq/L. Which acid-base imbalance is the client
experiencing?
A. Respiratory Acidosis, partially compensated
B. Respiratory Alkalosis, uncompensated
C. Metabolic Acidosis, fully compensated
D. Metabolic Alkalosis, partially compensated
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: The pH is low (acidosis), the PaCO2 is high (respiratory cause),
and the HCO3 is elevated as the kidneys attempt to buffer the acidity, indicating partial
compensation.
2. A client is admitted with a serum potassium level of 6.7 mEq/L. Which prescription should
the nurse implement first?
A. Regular insulin 10 units and 50% dextrose IV
B. Spironolactone 25 mg daily
,C. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate orally
D. Cardiac monitoring and a 12-lead ECG
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: While ECG monitoring is crucial, the fastest way to shift
potassium into the cells to prevent lethal arrhythmias is the administration of insulin and
dextrose. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate takes longer to act.
3. The nurse is caring for a client post-thyroidectomy. Which assessment finding requires
immediate intervention?
A. Hoarseness while speaking
B. Pain level of 4/10 at the incision site
C. Positive Trousseau’s sign
D. Serum calcium level of 9.0 mg/dL
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: A positive Trousseau’s sign indicates hypocalcemia, a potential
complication if the parathyroid glands were accidentally removed or damaged, which can
lead to laryngospasm and seizures.
4. Which clinical manifestation should the nurse monitor for in a client diagnosed with
Cushing’s syndrome?
A. Hyponatremia and hyperkalemia
, B. Trunkal obesity and moon face
C. Postural hypotension and weight loss
D. Hyperpigmentation of the skin
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Cushing’s syndrome results from excessive cortisol, leading to
fat redistribution (moon face, buffalo hump, trunkal obesity) and hyperglycemia.
5. A client with Type 1 Diabetes is found unconscious with a blood glucose of 48 mg/dL.
Which action should the nurse take first?
A. Administer 15g of simple carbohydrates orally
B. Recheck the blood glucose in 15 minutes
C. Give 1 mg of Glucagon intramuscularly
D. Administer 4 units of regular insulin
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Since the client is unconscious and cannot safely swallow,
intramuscular glucagon or IV dextrose is the priority to raise blood glucose rapidly.
6. A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client with Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). Which
finding is most indicative of the intrarenal category of AKI?
A. BUN to Creatinine ratio of 25:1
B. Urine specific gravity of 1.010
