EXAM 4 BSC - FSU YUNG SU Latest Actual Exam with Verified Questions & Correct Answers

EXAM 4 BSC - FSU YUNG SU Latest Actual Exam with Verified
Questions & Correct Answers

Question 1.
Spinal Reflexes are
controlled by:

Correct Answer: Spinal cord alone, not the brain


Question 2.
Spinal Reflexes

Correct Answer: rapid, automatic nerve responses triggered by specific stimuli
can involve a single spinal segment or multiple segments


Question 3.
Gross Anatomy of
the Spinal Cord:

Correct Answer: - About 18 inches (45 cm) long
- 1/2 inch (14 mm) wide
- Ends between vertebrae L1 and L2
- Bilateral symmetry


Question 4.
Bilateral Symmetry
of Spinal Cord:

Correct Answer: - Gray matter surrounded by white matter
- Grooves divide the spinal cord into left and right: posterior median sulcus and
anterior median fissue


Question 5.
*Enlargements* of
the Spinal Cord are
Caused by:

Correct Answer: - Amount of gray matter in segment (more gray matter since
more cells in these areas for limbs)
- Involvement with sensory and motor nerves of limbs


Question 6.
Posterior Median
Sulcus

,Correct Answer: on posterior side of spinal cord


Question 7.
Anterior Median Fis-
sue

Correct Answer: deeper groove on anterior side of spinal cord


Question 8.
Cervical enlarge-
ment

Correct Answer: - around the level of C6
- Nerves of shoulders and upper limbs


Question 9.
Lumbar enlarge-
ment

Correct Answer: - around the level of T11
- Nerves of pelvis and lower limbs


Question 10.
The distal end of the
Spinal Cord:

Correct Answer: Conus medullaris
Filum Terminale
Cauda Equina


Question 11.
Conus medullaris

Correct Answer: Thin, conical spinal cord below lumbar enlargement


Question 12.
Filum terminale

Correct Answer: Thin thread of fibrous tissue at end of conus medullaris
Attaches to coccygeal ligament


Question 13.
Cauda Equina

,Correct Answer: Nerve roots (ventral and dorsal) extending below conus
medullaris and into sacrum


Question 14.
There are 31
Spinal Cord Seg-
ments that...

Correct Answer: Based on vertebrae where spinal nerves originate
Positions of spinal segment and vertebrae change with age (as vertebral
column grows, dorsal and ventral roots elongate): Cervical nerves and other
nerves


Question 15.
Cervical Nerves:

Correct Answer: Named for inferior vertebra (nerve exists under the vertebra it
is named after)
Except for cervical nerve 8 (since cervical vertebra 8 does not exist!)


Question 16.
All other nerves

Correct Answer: named for superior vertebra


Question 17.
Roots (two branches
of spinal nerves)

Correct Answer: Ventral root & Dorsal Root


Question 18.
Ventral Root

Correct Answer: Contains axons of motor neurons (somatic and visceral
effectors)


Question 19.
Dorsal root

Correct Answer: Contains axons of sensory neurons (somatic and visceral)


Question 20.
Dorsal root ganglia Contain cell bodies of sensory neurons

, Correct Answer:


Question 21.
Note: the cell bod-
ies of the motor
neurons that extend
axons through the
ventral root are lo-
cated...

Correct Answer: in the gray matter of the spinal cord


Question 22.
The *Spinal Nerve*: - each side of spine: dorsal and ventral roots join to form a spinal
nerve

Correct Answer: - *Mixed Nerves:* carry both afferent (sensory) and efferent
(motor) fibers


Question 23.
The *Spinal
Meninges:*

Correct Answer: - Specialized membranes isolate spinal cord from surroundings
- Continuous with cranial meninges
- Functions of the spinal meninges include: Protecting spinal cord,& Carrying
blood supply (in epidural & subarachnoid space)


Question 24.
Meningitis

Correct Answer: - Viral or bacterial infection of meninges
- Spinal meningitis or cerebral meningitis can disrupt CSF flow, damage or kill
neurons and neuroglia
- Later stages of meningitis affects entire meningeal system


Question 25.
The three
Meningeal Layers:

Correct Answer: 1. Dura mater 2. Arachnoid mater 3. Pia mater


Question 26.
Dua mater