Bio 235 Final Exam 2026/2027 |
Comprehensive Questions & Answers
Study Guide
Venous blood returning from systemic circulation first enters the ___, proceeds to
the ____, loses ___and gains ____ in the lungs, and then returns to the heart via
the ____.
a) right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, CO2, O2, pulmonary veins.
b) Left atrium, left ventricle, pulmonary artery, CO2, O2, aorta
c)Right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, O2, CO2, pulmonary veins
d) Left atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary veins, O2, CO2, aorta - correct answer-
A. Right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, CO2, O2, pulmonary veins
The upper respiratory tract differs from the lower respiratory tract in what way?
A) air is taken in through the lower respiratory tract, and CO2/O2 are exchanged
in the upper respiratory tract
b) air is taken in through the upper respiratory tract, and CO2/O2 are exchanged
in the lower respiratory tract
c) CO2 is removed from circulation in the upper respiratory tract
d) O2 is removed from circulation in the lower respiratory tract - correct answer-
B. Air is taken in through the upper respiratory tract, and CO2/O2 are exchanged
in the lower respiratory tract
,Smooth muscle surrounds which structure of the lower respiratory tract?
a) Alveoli
b) Alveolar capillaries
c) Terminal bronchioles
d) Trachea - correct answer-C. terminal bronchioles
In the alveolus, ____squamous epithelial cells are responsible for ___, while
___cells are responsible for ____.
a) Type 1; surfactant secretion; Type 2, gas exchange
b) type 1; debris removal; type 2; surfactant secretion
c) type 3; debris removal; type 1; gas exchange
d) type 1; gas exchange; type 2: surfactant secretion - correct answer-d) type 1;
gas exchange; type 2: surfactant secretion
There is no net air flow into or out of the lungs when
a) P alveolus = P atmostpher
b) P alveolus< P atmostphere
c) P pleural wall > P atmostphere
d) P atmosphere< P pleural wall - correct answer-a) P alveolus = P atmosphere
What keeps the lungs from collapsing
Check the - correct answer-b) trans pulmonary negative pressure caused by
negative pressure from pleural cavity
,Identify the correct sequence of events for inspiration
a) diaphragm & inspiratory intercostals relax, lungs expand, air flows into alveoli
b) diaphragm & inspiratory intercostals contract; lungs expand, air flows out of
the alveoli
c) diaphragm & inspiratory intercostals contract, lungs expand, air flows into
alveoli
d)diaphragm & expiratory intercostals relax, lungs contract, air flows out of alveoli
- correct answer-c) diaphragm & inspiratory intercostals contract, lungs expand,
air flows into alveoli
the main determiners of lung compliance are
a) lung tissue thickness, surface tension of fluid on the inner lung surface
b) lung tissue perforations, surface tension of fluid on the inner lung surface
c) lung tissue surface area, surface tension of fluid on the inner lung surface
d) lung tissue thickness, surface tension of fluid on the outer lung surface - correct
answer-a) lung tissue thickness, surface tension of fluid on the inner lung surface
lung compliance is defined as
a) lung volume/ transpulmonary pressure
b) transpulmonary pressure/ lung volume
c) transthoracic pressure/ atmospheric pressure
d) none of the above - correct answer-d) none of the above
trained athletes tend to have
a) increased lung compliance
, b) normal lung compliance
c) decreased lung compliance
d) asthma - correct answer-a) increased lung compliance
which is true abbout the pleural sac
a)it is continuous with the atmosphere and protects the lungs from infections
b) it is a closed sac surrounding each lung and contains only a tiny volume of
lubricating fluid
c) it is a closed sac surrounding each lung and contain a large volume of surfactact
d) it is a closed, air-filled space surrounding both lungs that has a negative
pressure compared to atmospheric pressure - correct answer-b) it is a closed sac
surrounding each lung and contains only a tiny volume of lubricating fluid
which structure is NOT part of the "anatomical dead space?"
a) bronchiole
b) trachea
c) bronchus
d)respiratory bronchiole - correct answer-d)respiratory bronchiole
the volume of air flowing into the alveoli during inhalation/inspiration is increased
when there is an increase in which of these?
a)air resistance
b)the pressure gradiant from the atmosphere to the alveoli
c) the pressure in the intrapleural space
d) the curvature of the diaphragm - correct answer-b)the pressure gradiant from
the atmosphere to the alveoli
Comprehensive Questions & Answers
Study Guide
Venous blood returning from systemic circulation first enters the ___, proceeds to
the ____, loses ___and gains ____ in the lungs, and then returns to the heart via
the ____.
a) right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, CO2, O2, pulmonary veins.
b) Left atrium, left ventricle, pulmonary artery, CO2, O2, aorta
c)Right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, O2, CO2, pulmonary veins
d) Left atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary veins, O2, CO2, aorta - correct answer-
A. Right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, CO2, O2, pulmonary veins
The upper respiratory tract differs from the lower respiratory tract in what way?
A) air is taken in through the lower respiratory tract, and CO2/O2 are exchanged
in the upper respiratory tract
b) air is taken in through the upper respiratory tract, and CO2/O2 are exchanged
in the lower respiratory tract
c) CO2 is removed from circulation in the upper respiratory tract
d) O2 is removed from circulation in the lower respiratory tract - correct answer-
B. Air is taken in through the upper respiratory tract, and CO2/O2 are exchanged
in the lower respiratory tract
,Smooth muscle surrounds which structure of the lower respiratory tract?
a) Alveoli
b) Alveolar capillaries
c) Terminal bronchioles
d) Trachea - correct answer-C. terminal bronchioles
In the alveolus, ____squamous epithelial cells are responsible for ___, while
___cells are responsible for ____.
a) Type 1; surfactant secretion; Type 2, gas exchange
b) type 1; debris removal; type 2; surfactant secretion
c) type 3; debris removal; type 1; gas exchange
d) type 1; gas exchange; type 2: surfactant secretion - correct answer-d) type 1;
gas exchange; type 2: surfactant secretion
There is no net air flow into or out of the lungs when
a) P alveolus = P atmostpher
b) P alveolus< P atmostphere
c) P pleural wall > P atmostphere
d) P atmosphere< P pleural wall - correct answer-a) P alveolus = P atmosphere
What keeps the lungs from collapsing
Check the - correct answer-b) trans pulmonary negative pressure caused by
negative pressure from pleural cavity
,Identify the correct sequence of events for inspiration
a) diaphragm & inspiratory intercostals relax, lungs expand, air flows into alveoli
b) diaphragm & inspiratory intercostals contract; lungs expand, air flows out of
the alveoli
c) diaphragm & inspiratory intercostals contract, lungs expand, air flows into
alveoli
d)diaphragm & expiratory intercostals relax, lungs contract, air flows out of alveoli
- correct answer-c) diaphragm & inspiratory intercostals contract, lungs expand,
air flows into alveoli
the main determiners of lung compliance are
a) lung tissue thickness, surface tension of fluid on the inner lung surface
b) lung tissue perforations, surface tension of fluid on the inner lung surface
c) lung tissue surface area, surface tension of fluid on the inner lung surface
d) lung tissue thickness, surface tension of fluid on the outer lung surface - correct
answer-a) lung tissue thickness, surface tension of fluid on the inner lung surface
lung compliance is defined as
a) lung volume/ transpulmonary pressure
b) transpulmonary pressure/ lung volume
c) transthoracic pressure/ atmospheric pressure
d) none of the above - correct answer-d) none of the above
trained athletes tend to have
a) increased lung compliance
, b) normal lung compliance
c) decreased lung compliance
d) asthma - correct answer-a) increased lung compliance
which is true abbout the pleural sac
a)it is continuous with the atmosphere and protects the lungs from infections
b) it is a closed sac surrounding each lung and contains only a tiny volume of
lubricating fluid
c) it is a closed sac surrounding each lung and contain a large volume of surfactact
d) it is a closed, air-filled space surrounding both lungs that has a negative
pressure compared to atmospheric pressure - correct answer-b) it is a closed sac
surrounding each lung and contains only a tiny volume of lubricating fluid
which structure is NOT part of the "anatomical dead space?"
a) bronchiole
b) trachea
c) bronchus
d)respiratory bronchiole - correct answer-d)respiratory bronchiole
the volume of air flowing into the alveoli during inhalation/inspiration is increased
when there is an increase in which of these?
a)air resistance
b)the pressure gradiant from the atmosphere to the alveoli
c) the pressure in the intrapleural space
d) the curvature of the diaphragm - correct answer-b)the pressure gradiant from
the atmosphere to the alveoli
