EMT ADVANCED EXAM PREP 2026/2027
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS|
GRADE A+
1. A 65-year-old male patient presents with acute shortness of breath and orthopnea. Upon
auscultation, you hear crackles (rales) in the lung bases. He has a history of hypertension and
a previous myocardial infarction. What is the most likely cause of his distress?
A. Congestive Heart Failure
B. Acute Pulmonary Embolism
C. Spontaneous Pneumothorax
D. Exacerbation of COPD
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Crackles (rales) and orthopnea are classic signs of pulmonary
edema secondary to left-sided heart failure (CHF).
2. When assessing a patient with a possible tension pneumothorax, which of the following is
considered a late sign of the condition?
A. Tracheal deviation
B. Narrowing pulse pressure
C. Jugular Venous Distention (JVD)
,D. Absent breath sounds on the affected side
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Tracheal deviation is a very late sign that occurs when pressure
pushes the mediastinum toward the unaffected side; it is often not seen until shortly before
cardiac arrest.
3. A 28-year-old female is found unresponsive. Her skin is cool and clammy, and she is
breathing deeply and rapidly. Her husband states she has Type 1 Diabetes. Her glucometer
reads ‘High’. What condition do you suspect?
A. Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome (HHS)
B. Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
C. Insulin Shock
D. Hypoglycemic Crisis
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Deep, rapid respirations (Kussmaul respirations) and high blood
glucose in a Type 1 Diabetic are hallmark signs of DKA.
4. During a multi-casualty incident, which of the following patients should be tagged with a
‘Red’ tag?
A. A patient with a broken femur and a pulse rate of 110
B. A patient who is walking and has minor lacerations
, C. A patient who is not breathing but regains respirations after airway opening
D. A patient with a catastrophic head injury and no spontaneous respirations
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: In START triage, a patient who starts breathing after a manual
airway maneuver is prioritized as ‘Immediate’ (Red).
5. Which of the following is a contraindication for the administration of Nitroglycerin?
A. Systolic Blood Pressure of 110 mmHg
B. Heart rate of 90 beats per minute
C. Patient is experiencing a heavy ‘pressure’ sensation in the chest
D. Use of Tadalafil (Cialis) within the last 48 hours
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitors like Cialis, Viagra, or
Levitra can cause fatal hypotension if combined with Nitroglycerin.
6. A 45-year-old patient has sustained a blunt force injury to the chest. You note a segment of
the chest wall moving inward during inhalation and outward during exhalation. This is known
as:
A. Cheyne-Stokes respirations
B. Subcutaneous emphysema
C. Traumatic asphyxia
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS|
GRADE A+
1. A 65-year-old male patient presents with acute shortness of breath and orthopnea. Upon
auscultation, you hear crackles (rales) in the lung bases. He has a history of hypertension and
a previous myocardial infarction. What is the most likely cause of his distress?
A. Congestive Heart Failure
B. Acute Pulmonary Embolism
C. Spontaneous Pneumothorax
D. Exacerbation of COPD
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Crackles (rales) and orthopnea are classic signs of pulmonary
edema secondary to left-sided heart failure (CHF).
2. When assessing a patient with a possible tension pneumothorax, which of the following is
considered a late sign of the condition?
A. Tracheal deviation
B. Narrowing pulse pressure
C. Jugular Venous Distention (JVD)
,D. Absent breath sounds on the affected side
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Tracheal deviation is a very late sign that occurs when pressure
pushes the mediastinum toward the unaffected side; it is often not seen until shortly before
cardiac arrest.
3. A 28-year-old female is found unresponsive. Her skin is cool and clammy, and she is
breathing deeply and rapidly. Her husband states she has Type 1 Diabetes. Her glucometer
reads ‘High’. What condition do you suspect?
A. Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome (HHS)
B. Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
C. Insulin Shock
D. Hypoglycemic Crisis
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Deep, rapid respirations (Kussmaul respirations) and high blood
glucose in a Type 1 Diabetic are hallmark signs of DKA.
4. During a multi-casualty incident, which of the following patients should be tagged with a
‘Red’ tag?
A. A patient with a broken femur and a pulse rate of 110
B. A patient who is walking and has minor lacerations
, C. A patient who is not breathing but regains respirations after airway opening
D. A patient with a catastrophic head injury and no spontaneous respirations
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: In START triage, a patient who starts breathing after a manual
airway maneuver is prioritized as ‘Immediate’ (Red).
5. Which of the following is a contraindication for the administration of Nitroglycerin?
A. Systolic Blood Pressure of 110 mmHg
B. Heart rate of 90 beats per minute
C. Patient is experiencing a heavy ‘pressure’ sensation in the chest
D. Use of Tadalafil (Cialis) within the last 48 hours
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitors like Cialis, Viagra, or
Levitra can cause fatal hypotension if combined with Nitroglycerin.
6. A 45-year-old patient has sustained a blunt force injury to the chest. You note a segment of
the chest wall moving inward during inhalation and outward during exhalation. This is known
as:
A. Cheyne-Stokes respirations
B. Subcutaneous emphysema
C. Traumatic asphyxia
