NSG 6005 WEEK 7 ADVANCED
PHARMACOLOGY (VERIFIED AND
CORRECT Q & A) SATISFACTION
GUARANTEED 2026/2027
1. When initiating levothyroxine therapy for a 72-year-old patient with a history of coronary
artery disease, what is the most appropriate starting dose?
A. 50 to 75 mcg daily
B. 12.5 to 25 mcg daily
C. 100 mcg daily
D. 1.6 mcg/kg/day
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: In elderly patients or those with underlying cardiovascular
disease, levothyroxine should be started at a low dose (12.5 to 25 mcg) to avoid
exacerbating myocardial oxygen demand and causing ischemia.
2. A patient with Type 2 Diabetes is prescribed Metformin. Which of the following lab values
would be a contraindication for continuing this medication?
A. Serum Creatinine of 1.2 mg/dL in a female
B. eGFR less than 30 mL/min/1.73 m2
,C. HbA1c of 9.5%
D. ALT twice the upper limit of normal
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Metformin is contraindicated in patients with an eGFR below 30
mL/min/1.73 m2 due to the significantly increased risk of lactic acidosis.
3. Which medication is considered the first-line treatment for a pregnant patient in her first
trimester who has developed hyperthyroidism?
A. Methimazole
B. Propylthiouracil (PTU)
C. Radioactive Iodine
D. Propranolol
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: PTU is preferred in the first trimester of pregnancy because
methimazole is associated with a higher risk of teratogenic effects like aplasia cutis and
choanal atresia during organogenesis.
4. A patient with asthma is currently using a low-dose ICS and a SABA PRN but reports
symptoms 3 times a week and waking up twice a month. According to GINA guidelines, what
is the next step?
A. Add a Long-Acting Beta Agonist (LABA)
, B. Increase to high-dose ICS
C. Add a Long-Acting Muscarinic Antagonist (LAMA)
D. Switch to PRN ICS-Formoterol
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: If symptoms are not controlled on low-dose ICS alone, the
standard next step in asthma management is to add a LABA to the ICS regimen.
5. What is the mechanism of action of SGLT2 inhibitors like Empagliflozin?
A. Stimulating insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells
B. Increasing glucose uptake in peripheral tissues
C. Reducing glucose reabsorption in the proximal renal tubule
D. Inhibiting the breakdown of GLP-1
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors act in the
kidneys to block the reabsorption of glucose, leading to glycosuria and lowered blood
glucose levels.
6. A patient taking Pioglitazone should be monitored closely for which of the following
adverse effects?
A. Fluid retention and heart failure exacerbation
B. Lactic acidosis
PHARMACOLOGY (VERIFIED AND
CORRECT Q & A) SATISFACTION
GUARANTEED 2026/2027
1. When initiating levothyroxine therapy for a 72-year-old patient with a history of coronary
artery disease, what is the most appropriate starting dose?
A. 50 to 75 mcg daily
B. 12.5 to 25 mcg daily
C. 100 mcg daily
D. 1.6 mcg/kg/day
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: In elderly patients or those with underlying cardiovascular
disease, levothyroxine should be started at a low dose (12.5 to 25 mcg) to avoid
exacerbating myocardial oxygen demand and causing ischemia.
2. A patient with Type 2 Diabetes is prescribed Metformin. Which of the following lab values
would be a contraindication for continuing this medication?
A. Serum Creatinine of 1.2 mg/dL in a female
B. eGFR less than 30 mL/min/1.73 m2
,C. HbA1c of 9.5%
D. ALT twice the upper limit of normal
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Metformin is contraindicated in patients with an eGFR below 30
mL/min/1.73 m2 due to the significantly increased risk of lactic acidosis.
3. Which medication is considered the first-line treatment for a pregnant patient in her first
trimester who has developed hyperthyroidism?
A. Methimazole
B. Propylthiouracil (PTU)
C. Radioactive Iodine
D. Propranolol
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: PTU is preferred in the first trimester of pregnancy because
methimazole is associated with a higher risk of teratogenic effects like aplasia cutis and
choanal atresia during organogenesis.
4. A patient with asthma is currently using a low-dose ICS and a SABA PRN but reports
symptoms 3 times a week and waking up twice a month. According to GINA guidelines, what
is the next step?
A. Add a Long-Acting Beta Agonist (LABA)
, B. Increase to high-dose ICS
C. Add a Long-Acting Muscarinic Antagonist (LAMA)
D. Switch to PRN ICS-Formoterol
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: If symptoms are not controlled on low-dose ICS alone, the
standard next step in asthma management is to add a LABA to the ICS regimen.
5. What is the mechanism of action of SGLT2 inhibitors like Empagliflozin?
A. Stimulating insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells
B. Increasing glucose uptake in peripheral tissues
C. Reducing glucose reabsorption in the proximal renal tubule
D. Inhibiting the breakdown of GLP-1
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors act in the
kidneys to block the reabsorption of glucose, leading to glycosuria and lowered blood
glucose levels.
6. A patient taking Pioglitazone should be monitored closely for which of the following
adverse effects?
A. Fluid retention and heart failure exacerbation
B. Lactic acidosis
