NSG 6005 ADVANCED
PHARMACOLOGY: CARDIOVASCULAR
AND HEMATOLOGIC SYSTEMS
(VERIFIED AND CORRECT Q & A)
SATISFACTION GUARANTEED 2026/2027
1. A patient taking an ACE inhibitor develops a dry, non-productive cough. Which substance’s
accumulation in the respiratory tract is primarily responsible for this side effect?
A. Bradykinin
B. Angiotensin II
C. Renin
D. Aldosterone
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: ACE inhibitors block the degradation of bradykinin, leading to
its accumulation in the lungs, which causes the characteristic dry cough.
2. Which of the following beta-blockers also possesses alpha-1 adrenergic blocking activity,
making it particularly useful in heart failure management?
A. Metoprolol
B. Atenolol
,C. Propranolol
D. Carvedilol
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Carvedilol is a non-selective beta-blocker that also blocks alpha-
1 receptors, providing additional peripheral vasodilation.
3. A patient is prescribed Digoxin for heart failure. Which electrolyte imbalance significantly
increases the risk of digoxin toxicity?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hyponatremia
D. Hypercalcemia
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Hypokalemia increases digoxin binding to the Na+/K+ ATPase
pump, significantly enhancing the risk of toxicity.
4. Which class of antiarrhythmics is associated with a high risk of pulmonary toxicity and
thyroid dysfunction?
A. Class IA (Procainamide)
B. Class IB (Lidocaine)
C. Class IV (Verapamil)
, D. Class III (Amiodarone)
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Amiodarone contains iodine and has a long half-life, which can
lead to pulmonary fibrosis and both hypo- or hyperthyroidism.
5. What is the primary mechanism of action for HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins)?
A. Inhibiting the absorption of cholesterol in the small intestine
B. Binding bile acids in the intestine
C. Blocking the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate
D. Activating PPAR-alpha receptors
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Statins competitively inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, the rate-
limiting enzyme in hepatic cholesterol synthesis, converting HMG-CoA to mevalonate.
6. A patient is started on Warfarin. Which of the following describes the correct management
regarding its onset of action?
A. Warfarin works immediately by inhibiting circulating clotting factors.
B. Full effect is reached in 2 hours.
C. It should be stopped 24 hours before major surgery without bridging.
D. It requires a bridge with heparin due to the depletion of Protein C and S before factors II,
VII, IX, and X.
PHARMACOLOGY: CARDIOVASCULAR
AND HEMATOLOGIC SYSTEMS
(VERIFIED AND CORRECT Q & A)
SATISFACTION GUARANTEED 2026/2027
1. A patient taking an ACE inhibitor develops a dry, non-productive cough. Which substance’s
accumulation in the respiratory tract is primarily responsible for this side effect?
A. Bradykinin
B. Angiotensin II
C. Renin
D. Aldosterone
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: ACE inhibitors block the degradation of bradykinin, leading to
its accumulation in the lungs, which causes the characteristic dry cough.
2. Which of the following beta-blockers also possesses alpha-1 adrenergic blocking activity,
making it particularly useful in heart failure management?
A. Metoprolol
B. Atenolol
,C. Propranolol
D. Carvedilol
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Carvedilol is a non-selective beta-blocker that also blocks alpha-
1 receptors, providing additional peripheral vasodilation.
3. A patient is prescribed Digoxin for heart failure. Which electrolyte imbalance significantly
increases the risk of digoxin toxicity?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hyponatremia
D. Hypercalcemia
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Hypokalemia increases digoxin binding to the Na+/K+ ATPase
pump, significantly enhancing the risk of toxicity.
4. Which class of antiarrhythmics is associated with a high risk of pulmonary toxicity and
thyroid dysfunction?
A. Class IA (Procainamide)
B. Class IB (Lidocaine)
C. Class IV (Verapamil)
, D. Class III (Amiodarone)
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Amiodarone contains iodine and has a long half-life, which can
lead to pulmonary fibrosis and both hypo- or hyperthyroidism.
5. What is the primary mechanism of action for HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins)?
A. Inhibiting the absorption of cholesterol in the small intestine
B. Binding bile acids in the intestine
C. Blocking the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate
D. Activating PPAR-alpha receptors
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Statins competitively inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, the rate-
limiting enzyme in hepatic cholesterol synthesis, converting HMG-CoA to mevalonate.
6. A patient is started on Warfarin. Which of the following describes the correct management
regarding its onset of action?
A. Warfarin works immediately by inhibiting circulating clotting factors.
B. Full effect is reached in 2 hours.
C. It should be stopped 24 hours before major surgery without bridging.
D. It requires a bridge with heparin due to the depletion of Protein C and S before factors II,
VII, IX, and X.
