NSG 6005 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY
WEEK 8 COMPREHENSIVE (VERIFIED
AND CORRECT Q & A) SATISFACTION
GUARANTEED 2026/2027
1. A 65-year-old patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and a GFR of 25 mL/min requires
management for Type 2 Diabetes. Which of the following medications is contraindicated?
A. Linagliptin
B. Glipizide
C. Metformin
D. Insulin glargine
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Metformin is contraindicated when the Estimated Glomerular
Filtration Rate (eGFR) falls below 30 mL/min/1.73 m² due to the increased risk of lactic
acidosis.
,2. Which of the following is a potential side effect of long-term Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI)
use?
A. Hypermagnesemia
B. Vitamin B12 deficiency
C. Decreased risk of C. difficile
D. Increased bone density
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Long-term use of PPIs can lead to malabsorption of Vitamin B12,
magnesium deficiency, and an increased risk of bone fractures and C. difficile infections.
3. When initiating a statin, which baseline laboratory test is universally recommended by the
ACC/AHA guidelines?
A. Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)
B. Creatine Kinase (CK)
C. Complete Blood Count (CBC)
D. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Baseline hepatic enzyme levels (specifically ALT) should be
measured before starting statin therapy, though routine monitoring is no longer required
unless symptomatic.
, 4. A patient taking Warfarin presents with an INR of 7.0 and no active bleeding. According to
clinical guidelines, what is the most appropriate action?
A. Administer 10mg Vitamin K IV
B. Administer Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP)
C. Continue same dose and recheck in 24 hours
D. Hold Warfarin and administer oral Vitamin K
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: For an INR between 4.5 and 10 with no bleeding, it is
recommended to hold Warfarin and consider a small dose of oral Vitamin K to reduce the
INR safely.
5. Which mechanism of action best describes SGLT2 inhibitors like Empagliflozin?
A. Increased insulin secretion from beta cells
B. Inhibition of glucose reabsorption in the proximal renal tubule
C. Decreased glucose absorption in the GI tract
D. Increased peripheral insulin sensitivity
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: SGLT2 inhibitors lower blood glucose by preventing the kidneys
from reabsorbing glucose, thereby increasing urinary glucose excretion.
WEEK 8 COMPREHENSIVE (VERIFIED
AND CORRECT Q & A) SATISFACTION
GUARANTEED 2026/2027
1. A 65-year-old patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and a GFR of 25 mL/min requires
management for Type 2 Diabetes. Which of the following medications is contraindicated?
A. Linagliptin
B. Glipizide
C. Metformin
D. Insulin glargine
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Metformin is contraindicated when the Estimated Glomerular
Filtration Rate (eGFR) falls below 30 mL/min/1.73 m² due to the increased risk of lactic
acidosis.
,2. Which of the following is a potential side effect of long-term Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI)
use?
A. Hypermagnesemia
B. Vitamin B12 deficiency
C. Decreased risk of C. difficile
D. Increased bone density
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Long-term use of PPIs can lead to malabsorption of Vitamin B12,
magnesium deficiency, and an increased risk of bone fractures and C. difficile infections.
3. When initiating a statin, which baseline laboratory test is universally recommended by the
ACC/AHA guidelines?
A. Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)
B. Creatine Kinase (CK)
C. Complete Blood Count (CBC)
D. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Baseline hepatic enzyme levels (specifically ALT) should be
measured before starting statin therapy, though routine monitoring is no longer required
unless symptomatic.
, 4. A patient taking Warfarin presents with an INR of 7.0 and no active bleeding. According to
clinical guidelines, what is the most appropriate action?
A. Administer 10mg Vitamin K IV
B. Administer Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP)
C. Continue same dose and recheck in 24 hours
D. Hold Warfarin and administer oral Vitamin K
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: For an INR between 4.5 and 10 with no bleeding, it is
recommended to hold Warfarin and consider a small dose of oral Vitamin K to reduce the
INR safely.
5. Which mechanism of action best describes SGLT2 inhibitors like Empagliflozin?
A. Increased insulin secretion from beta cells
B. Inhibition of glucose reabsorption in the proximal renal tubule
C. Decreased glucose absorption in the GI tract
D. Increased peripheral insulin sensitivity
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: SGLT2 inhibitors lower blood glucose by preventing the kidneys
from reabsorbing glucose, thereby increasing urinary glucose excretion.
