Linguistics 2 Grammar Summary | Fontys | Taalkunde 2

Linguistics 2 Grammar Summary
Index
Overview lesson materials.................................................................................................. 2
Three parts: ....................................................................................................................... 2
Grammar ........................................................................................................................... 2
Syntaxis ............................................................................................................................. 2
School grammar ................................................................................................................ 2
Grammar .............................................................................................................................. 3
Chapter 16: Present Perfect............................................................................................... 3
Chapter 17: Past Perfect .................................................................................................... 5
Chapter 18: Future ............................................................................................................. 6
Chapter 19: Conditionals ................................................................................................... 9
Chapter 20: Passive.......................................................................................................... 11
Chapter 21: Auxiliaries ......................................................................................................13
Chapter 22: Bare Infinitive.................................................................................................14
Chapter 23 and 24: To Infinitive and -ing form ...................................................................15
Chapter 25: Word Order....................................................................................................17
Chapter 26: Reported Speech ..........................................................................................20




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,Overview lesson materials linguistics 2
Three parts:
♥ Grammar
♥ Syntaxis
♥ School grammar (a.k.a. minilessons)


Grammar
Book ‘Contrastieve Grammatica Engels’ by M. Bouckaert & L. Ederveen.
♥ Chapter 16: present perfect tense
♥ Chapter 17: past perfect tense
♥ Chapter 18: future tense
♥ Chapter 19: conditionals
♥ Chapter 20: the passive
♥ Chapter 21: auxiliaries
♥ Chapter 22: bare infinitve
♥ Chapter 23: to-infinitive
♥ Chapter 24: ing-form
♥ Chapter 25: word order
♥ Chapter 26: reported speech


Syntaxis
Book ‘A Study of Syntax’ by M. Bouckaert-den Draak, L. Ederveen, L. Oostende-Beijnsberger
♥ Chapter 4: phrase analysis: functions
- 4.2: Functions and their realizations in the NP
- 4.3: Functions and their realizations in the AdjP
- 4.4: Functions and their realizations in the AdvP
- 4.5: Functions and their realizations in the PP
- 4.6: Functions and their realizations in the VP
♥ Chapter 5: word classes
- 5.2: Articles
- 5.3: Nouns
- 5.4: Adjectives
- 5.5: Adverbs
- 5.6: Numerals
- 5.7: Pronouns
- 5.8: Verbs
- 5.9: Conjunctions
- 5.10: Prepositions
- 5.11: Interjections
♥ Chapter 6: parsing
- 6.2: Parsing
- 6.3: Parsing simple sentences
- 6.4: Parsing compound sentences
- 6.5: Parsing complex sentences
- 6.6: Parsing compound-complex sentences


School grammar
Mini lessons are held during class.



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, Grammar
Chapter 16: Present Perfect
Present perfect tenses video

Ik heb hier 10 jaar gewerkt.
I have worked here for 10 years.
Sounds like a one-on-one translation. But it’s not! The Dutch one means that you’re not
working there anymore, but the English one means that you’re still working there.
Ik heb hier 10 jaar gewerkt.
I worked here for 10 years.
Zou dus wel kloppen. Maar dit is niet hoe jij deze in eerste instantie zou vertalen.
I have worked here for 10 years.
Ik werk hier al 10 jaar.
Zou ook correct zijn.


Present Perfect Simple Present Perfect Continuous

Form: have/has + past participle (2nd Form: have/has + been + verb+ing
row/verb+ed)

Example: Example:
They have finished their homework. I have been working on this project since 9
a.m..

Usage: Usage:
1. For actions which continue up to the 1. To talk about an ongoing action
present. Look for time specific which started in the past.
adverbs. o I have been looking for mushrooms but
o She has been here since last week. can’t find any.
o I have lived here since 1999. o Australia has been welcoming
immigrants for many years.
2. For actions occurring at an o Recently people have been smoking
unspecified time, but still relevant less because of the economic crisis.
‘now’. E.g.: effect.
o Look! I’ve bought a new bike. 2. To explain a result.
o Has he passed his driving test yet? o I’m sorry the house is in such a mess,
but we’ve been painting.
o She’s very tired, she has been doing the
3. For action occurring in / throughout
housework all afternoon.
an incomplete period.
o I have often wondered why she decided
to move.
o They have known her for a long time.

Focus on that it’s done now. Focus on the activity.




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