Biology 1322- Nutrition Questions and Answers
Question 1.
large intestine
Correct Answer: Absorbs water and forms feces
Question 2.
Chyme
Correct Answer: the semi-liquid, partially digested food mass that leaves the
stomach and enters the small intestine Approximately 1 tsp of chyme leaves the
stomach and enters the small intestine every 30 seconds.•The pyloric sphincter
is the gateway for chyme to enter the small intestine from the stomach.
Question 3.
Nutrient density
Correct Answer: the measurement of the nutrients in a food compared to the
kilo-calorie content
Question 4.
Gallbladder
Correct Answer: Stores bile
Question 5.
What is the relationship between fiber and cholesterol?
Correct Answer: 1. Cholesterol in the blood is taken up by the liver 2. The liver
uses cholesterol to synthesize bile, which is released into the small intestine to
emulsify fat 3. Viscous fiber in the small intestine binds bile in the small
intestine, preventing it from being reabsorbed and reused by the bile-fiber
complex is eliminated the feces
Question 6.
amylase
Correct Answer: Saliva dissolves small food particles. It contains the enzyme
amylase, which begins to break down carbohydrates. In adults, no other
chemical digestion takes place in the mouth.
Question 7.
Three nutritionally important monosaccharides
Correct Answer: -Glucose-preferred and main source of energy for the bran and
red blood cells -Fructose -Galactose
Question 8.
What are sugar alcohols?
Correct Answer: -Have the chemical structure of sugar, with an alcohol
component added -Are found in plants and produced synthetically -Used in
chewing gums, candies, and baked goods
Page 1
, Question 9.
The 2015 Changes to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans
Correct Answer: Cholesterol: No guideline Fats:•Same guideline, differentiate
type of fat Sugars: A 2015 Dietary Guidelines' key recommendation encourages
Americans to "consume less than 10 percent of calories per day from added
sugars.---no more than about 5 to 15 percent of calories.
Question 10.
hydrolisis
Correct Answer: process of adding water to split apart "lysis"-split
Question 11.
The main attributes of a healthy diet
Correct Answer: Whole foods, proportionality, nutrient dense
Question 12.
Three groups of polysaccharides
Correct Answer: Starch, fiber, and glycogen
Question 13.
The storage forms of glucose in plants and humans
Correct Answer: The storage form of glucose in plants is starch. Starch is a
polyacrylamide. plants store glucose in chains of starch. most dietary fiber is in
the form of cellulose that humans lack the enzyme to digest glycogen is the
storage form of glucose in animals, including humans.
Question 14.
Persistalsis
Correct Answer: the involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of
the intestine or another canal, creating wavelike movements that push the
contents of the canal forward.
Question 15.
Know the digestion process and pathways for carbohydrates, lipids, protein (includes
enzymes and hormones)
Correct Answer: **REFER TO ILLUSTRATION IN RED NOTEBOOK MOUTH -salvary
analyse (enzyme that digests carbs) -upper esophageal sphincter ESOPHOGUS
-lower esphageal sphincter STOMACH-HCL, Pepsin (digests protein) -pyloric
sphincters SMALL INTESTINE-bicarboate and other enzymes (fats, proteins,
carbs digested) LARGE INTESTINE -ileocecal valve sphincter LARGE
INTESTINE/COLIN Left side: LIVER -makes bile-cant store it, instead sends it to
the gallbladder GALLBLADDER-stores bile -sends the bile to the small intestine
(enzymes to digest food Right side- Pancreas Pancreative anylase (digest carbs)
Summary of functions: --In the mouth, saliva mixes with food during chewing,
moistening it and making it easier to swallow. --Swallowed food that has mixed
with digestive juices in the stomach becomes chyme --maximum digestion and
the absorption of digested nutrients occur in the small intestine --Undigested
residue next enters the large intestine, where additional absorption of water
Page 2
Question 1.
large intestine
Correct Answer: Absorbs water and forms feces
Question 2.
Chyme
Correct Answer: the semi-liquid, partially digested food mass that leaves the
stomach and enters the small intestine Approximately 1 tsp of chyme leaves the
stomach and enters the small intestine every 30 seconds.•The pyloric sphincter
is the gateway for chyme to enter the small intestine from the stomach.
Question 3.
Nutrient density
Correct Answer: the measurement of the nutrients in a food compared to the
kilo-calorie content
Question 4.
Gallbladder
Correct Answer: Stores bile
Question 5.
What is the relationship between fiber and cholesterol?
Correct Answer: 1. Cholesterol in the blood is taken up by the liver 2. The liver
uses cholesterol to synthesize bile, which is released into the small intestine to
emulsify fat 3. Viscous fiber in the small intestine binds bile in the small
intestine, preventing it from being reabsorbed and reused by the bile-fiber
complex is eliminated the feces
Question 6.
amylase
Correct Answer: Saliva dissolves small food particles. It contains the enzyme
amylase, which begins to break down carbohydrates. In adults, no other
chemical digestion takes place in the mouth.
Question 7.
Three nutritionally important monosaccharides
Correct Answer: -Glucose-preferred and main source of energy for the bran and
red blood cells -Fructose -Galactose
Question 8.
What are sugar alcohols?
Correct Answer: -Have the chemical structure of sugar, with an alcohol
component added -Are found in plants and produced synthetically -Used in
chewing gums, candies, and baked goods
Page 1
, Question 9.
The 2015 Changes to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans
Correct Answer: Cholesterol: No guideline Fats:•Same guideline, differentiate
type of fat Sugars: A 2015 Dietary Guidelines' key recommendation encourages
Americans to "consume less than 10 percent of calories per day from added
sugars.---no more than about 5 to 15 percent of calories.
Question 10.
hydrolisis
Correct Answer: process of adding water to split apart "lysis"-split
Question 11.
The main attributes of a healthy diet
Correct Answer: Whole foods, proportionality, nutrient dense
Question 12.
Three groups of polysaccharides
Correct Answer: Starch, fiber, and glycogen
Question 13.
The storage forms of glucose in plants and humans
Correct Answer: The storage form of glucose in plants is starch. Starch is a
polyacrylamide. plants store glucose in chains of starch. most dietary fiber is in
the form of cellulose that humans lack the enzyme to digest glycogen is the
storage form of glucose in animals, including humans.
Question 14.
Persistalsis
Correct Answer: the involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of
the intestine or another canal, creating wavelike movements that push the
contents of the canal forward.
Question 15.
Know the digestion process and pathways for carbohydrates, lipids, protein (includes
enzymes and hormones)
Correct Answer: **REFER TO ILLUSTRATION IN RED NOTEBOOK MOUTH -salvary
analyse (enzyme that digests carbs) -upper esophageal sphincter ESOPHOGUS
-lower esphageal sphincter STOMACH-HCL, Pepsin (digests protein) -pyloric
sphincters SMALL INTESTINE-bicarboate and other enzymes (fats, proteins,
carbs digested) LARGE INTESTINE -ileocecal valve sphincter LARGE
INTESTINE/COLIN Left side: LIVER -makes bile-cant store it, instead sends it to
the gallbladder GALLBLADDER-stores bile -sends the bile to the small intestine
(enzymes to digest food Right side- Pancreas Pancreative anylase (digest carbs)
Summary of functions: --In the mouth, saliva mixes with food during chewing,
moistening it and making it easier to swallow. --Swallowed food that has mixed
with digestive juices in the stomach becomes chyme --maximum digestion and
the absorption of digested nutrients occur in the small intestine --Undigested
residue next enters the large intestine, where additional absorption of water
Page 2
