A&P 102 Final Exam Questions and Answers 100%
Verified
Question:
What is the primary function of the endocrine system?
Answer:
To regulate body functions, maintain homeostasis, and facilitate communication via
hormones.
Question:
How do endocrine glands communi- cate with target cells?
Answer:
Through blood-borne hormones that influence target cells with specific receptors.
Question:
What are the major types of glands in the endocrine system?
Answer:
Endocrine glands (ductless, secrete hormones into the bloodstream) and exocrine
glands (secrete through ducts).
Question:
What are paracrines and autocrines?
Answer:
Paracrines attect nearby cells, while autocrines af- fect the secreting cell itself.
,Question:
What role do prostaglandins play in the body?
Answer:
They act as paracrine regulators, influencing smooth muscle contraction, secretion, and
inflam- mation.
Question:
How does the nervous system differ from the endocrine system in terms of communication?
Answer:
The nervous system uses neurotransmitters for rapid, short-lived responses, while the
endocrine system uses hormones for slower, longer-lasting ettects.
Question:
What are steroid hormones and how do they function?
Answer:
Lipid-soluble hormones derived from cholesterol that dittuse through cell membranes and
influence gene transcription.
Question:
What are nonsteroid hormones and their mechanism of action?
Answer:
Hormones that bind to membrane receptors and activate second messenger pathways
like cAMP.
,Question:
What primarily regulates hormone se- cretion?
Answer:
Negative feedback mechanisms, with some processes involving positive feedback.
Question:
What are the two lobes of the pituitary gland?
Answer:
The anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) and the pos- terior lobe (neurohypophysis).
Question:
What hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland?
Answer:
Growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), thy- roid-stimulating hormone (TSH),
adrenocorti- cotropic hormone (ACTH), follicle-stimulating hor- mone (FSH), and
luteinizing hormone (LH).
Question:
What is the function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
Answer:
Promotes water reabsorption in kidneys and con- stricts blood vessels to raise blood
pressure.
, Question:
What hormones does the thyroid gland produce?
Answer:
T4 (thyroxine), T3 (triiodothyronine), and calci- tonin.
Question:
What is hyperthyroidism and its symptoms?
Answer:
Excess thyroid hormones causing high metabolic rate, weight loss, protruding eyes, and
goiter.
Question:
What is the role of parathyroid hor- mone (PTH)?
Answer:
Raises blood calcium levels by stimulating bone resorption and increasing calcium
reabsorption in kidneys.
Question:
What hormones are produced by the adrenal cortex?
Answer:
Aldosterone, cortisol, and adrenal androgens.
Verified
Question:
What is the primary function of the endocrine system?
Answer:
To regulate body functions, maintain homeostasis, and facilitate communication via
hormones.
Question:
How do endocrine glands communi- cate with target cells?
Answer:
Through blood-borne hormones that influence target cells with specific receptors.
Question:
What are the major types of glands in the endocrine system?
Answer:
Endocrine glands (ductless, secrete hormones into the bloodstream) and exocrine
glands (secrete through ducts).
Question:
What are paracrines and autocrines?
Answer:
Paracrines attect nearby cells, while autocrines af- fect the secreting cell itself.
,Question:
What role do prostaglandins play in the body?
Answer:
They act as paracrine regulators, influencing smooth muscle contraction, secretion, and
inflam- mation.
Question:
How does the nervous system differ from the endocrine system in terms of communication?
Answer:
The nervous system uses neurotransmitters for rapid, short-lived responses, while the
endocrine system uses hormones for slower, longer-lasting ettects.
Question:
What are steroid hormones and how do they function?
Answer:
Lipid-soluble hormones derived from cholesterol that dittuse through cell membranes and
influence gene transcription.
Question:
What are nonsteroid hormones and their mechanism of action?
Answer:
Hormones that bind to membrane receptors and activate second messenger pathways
like cAMP.
,Question:
What primarily regulates hormone se- cretion?
Answer:
Negative feedback mechanisms, with some processes involving positive feedback.
Question:
What are the two lobes of the pituitary gland?
Answer:
The anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) and the pos- terior lobe (neurohypophysis).
Question:
What hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland?
Answer:
Growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), thy- roid-stimulating hormone (TSH),
adrenocorti- cotropic hormone (ACTH), follicle-stimulating hor- mone (FSH), and
luteinizing hormone (LH).
Question:
What is the function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
Answer:
Promotes water reabsorption in kidneys and con- stricts blood vessels to raise blood
pressure.
, Question:
What hormones does the thyroid gland produce?
Answer:
T4 (thyroxine), T3 (triiodothyronine), and calci- tonin.
Question:
What is hyperthyroidism and its symptoms?
Answer:
Excess thyroid hormones causing high metabolic rate, weight loss, protruding eyes, and
goiter.
Question:
What is the role of parathyroid hor- mone (PTH)?
Answer:
Raises blood calcium levels by stimulating bone resorption and increasing calcium
reabsorption in kidneys.
Question:
What hormones are produced by the adrenal cortex?
Answer:
Aldosterone, cortisol, and adrenal androgens.
