PSYC 101 Exam 2 V3 | PSYC 101 General
Psychology | Actual Q&A with Rationale (PSYC101
Exam 2) | Portage Learning
1. Jean Piaget proposed four stages of cognitive development. Select all of the following that
represent these stages (SATA):
A. Sensorimotor stage
B. Post-conventional stage
C. Preoperational stage
D. Concrete operational stage
E. Formal operational stage
F. Initiative vs. Guilt
Correct Answer: A, C, D, E
Explanation: Jean Piaget’s theory outlines cognitive growth through four distinct stages:
sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. The post-
conventional stage is associated with Kohlberg’s theory of moral development rather than
Piaget’s cognitive theory. Initiative vs. Guilt is one of Erik Erikson’s psychosocial stages,
which focuses on social rather than strictly cognitive development.
,2. In Erikson’s psychosocial theory, which stage occurs during adolescence and involves
searching for a sense of self?
A. Trust vs. Mistrust
B. Autonomy vs. Shame
C. Identity vs. Role Confusion
D. Intimacy vs. Isolation
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Adolescence is characterized by the Identity vs. Role Confusion stage, where
individuals attempt to establish a personal identity. Success in this stage leads to the virtue
of fidelity and a strong sense of self-direction. Failure to resolve this conflict can lead to
confusion about one’s role and future in society.
3. Which of the following describes the ‘Object Permanence’ milestone in infant
development?
A. The ability to understand that liquid remains the same volume even when poured into
different containers.
B. The ability to use symbols and language to represent the world.
C. The understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen.
D. The realization that other people have different perspectives.
Correct Answer: C
, Explanation: Object permanence is a critical milestone achieved during the sensorimotor
stage of Piaget’s theory. It involves the cognitive realization that an object does not cease to
exist just because it is out of sight. This development usually occurs around 8 months of age
and indicates early mental representation skills.
4. According to Kohlberg, at which level of moral reasoning is an individual motivated by a
desire to avoid punishment?
A. Conventional Level
B. Pre-conventional Level
C. Post-conventional Level
D. Formal Operational Level
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The Pre-conventional level of moral development is the earliest stage where
morality is externally controlled. Children at this level obey rules to avoid negative
consequences or to obtain rewards. This stage precedes the conventional level, where
social rules and laws become the primary motivator for moral behavior.
5. In Classical Conditioning, what is the term for the stimulus that naturally and automatically
triggers a response without prior learning?
A. Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
B. Neutral Stimulus (NS)
C. Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)
Psychology | Actual Q&A with Rationale (PSYC101
Exam 2) | Portage Learning
1. Jean Piaget proposed four stages of cognitive development. Select all of the following that
represent these stages (SATA):
A. Sensorimotor stage
B. Post-conventional stage
C. Preoperational stage
D. Concrete operational stage
E. Formal operational stage
F. Initiative vs. Guilt
Correct Answer: A, C, D, E
Explanation: Jean Piaget’s theory outlines cognitive growth through four distinct stages:
sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. The post-
conventional stage is associated with Kohlberg’s theory of moral development rather than
Piaget’s cognitive theory. Initiative vs. Guilt is one of Erik Erikson’s psychosocial stages,
which focuses on social rather than strictly cognitive development.
,2. In Erikson’s psychosocial theory, which stage occurs during adolescence and involves
searching for a sense of self?
A. Trust vs. Mistrust
B. Autonomy vs. Shame
C. Identity vs. Role Confusion
D. Intimacy vs. Isolation
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Adolescence is characterized by the Identity vs. Role Confusion stage, where
individuals attempt to establish a personal identity. Success in this stage leads to the virtue
of fidelity and a strong sense of self-direction. Failure to resolve this conflict can lead to
confusion about one’s role and future in society.
3. Which of the following describes the ‘Object Permanence’ milestone in infant
development?
A. The ability to understand that liquid remains the same volume even when poured into
different containers.
B. The ability to use symbols and language to represent the world.
C. The understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen.
D. The realization that other people have different perspectives.
Correct Answer: C
, Explanation: Object permanence is a critical milestone achieved during the sensorimotor
stage of Piaget’s theory. It involves the cognitive realization that an object does not cease to
exist just because it is out of sight. This development usually occurs around 8 months of age
and indicates early mental representation skills.
4. According to Kohlberg, at which level of moral reasoning is an individual motivated by a
desire to avoid punishment?
A. Conventional Level
B. Pre-conventional Level
C. Post-conventional Level
D. Formal Operational Level
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The Pre-conventional level of moral development is the earliest stage where
morality is externally controlled. Children at this level obey rules to avoid negative
consequences or to obtain rewards. This stage precedes the conventional level, where
social rules and laws become the primary motivator for moral behavior.
5. In Classical Conditioning, what is the term for the stimulus that naturally and automatically
triggers a response without prior learning?
A. Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
B. Neutral Stimulus (NS)
C. Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)
