PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM EXPECTED QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2027
Question 1.
What is allergic asthma associated with?
Correct Answer: Type 1 Hypersensitivity; IgE mediated
Question 2.
What are the S&S of ARDS?
Correct Answer: SOB, Shallow Rapid Breathing, Atelectasis (aveoli close),
Dyspnea, Inspiratory Crackles, Respiratory Alkalosis, Decreased Lung
Compliance, Hypoxemia
Question 3.
What are the S&S of tension pneumothorax?
Correct Answer: Pressure that builds up and pushes the trachea towards the
unaffected side; Absent breath sounds over affected lung
Question 4.
What is cystic fibrosis?
Correct Answer: Excessive mucous coating in the lungs and pancreas; Genetic
Disorder (Autosomal Recessive)
Question 5.
Changes with an asthma attack:
Correct Answer: Wheezing, SOB, Bronchoconstriction, Dyspnea, Tachypnea
(rapid breathing)
Question 6.
How do you interpret ABG's?
Correct Answer: 1. Look at pH (acidosis - low or alkalosis - high) 2. Check the
CO2 (resp. indicator) - less than 35 (alkalosis) more than 45 (acidosis) 3. Check
the HCO3 (metabolic indicator) - less than 22 (acidosis) more than 26 (alkalosis)
4. Determine primary disorder (matches the pH) 5. Determine if its compensated
(pH returns to normal or near normal)
Question 7.
Respiratory Acidosis: What happens to pH/CO2?
, Correct Answer: Elevation (increase) of pCO2 -- Decreased pH (acidosis) the
Question 8.
Respiratory Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/CO2?
Correct Answer: Depression (decrease) of pCO2 -- Increased pH (alkalosis)
Question 9.
Metabolic Acidosis: What happens to pH/HCO3?
Correct Answer: Depression (decrease) of HCO3 -- Decreased pH (acidosis) the
Question 10.
Metabolic Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/HCO3?
Correct Answer: Elevation (increase) of HCO3 -- Increased pH (alkalosis)
Question 11.
What are signs of nal cancer?
Correct Answer: re- No pain! Hematuria (Blood in the Urine)
Question 12.
How do you manage end stage renal dis-ease?
Correct Answer: Dialysis, Fluid Restriction, Low Protein Diet, Decrease
Medication Doses, Anti-hypertensive, Give Ca Supplements, Give Erythropoietin
Shot, Give Iron Supplements/Blood Transfusion (anemic)
Question 13.
What do you call ney pain?
Correct Answer: kid- Nephralgia
Question 14.
What is the most helpful test to determine renal function?
Correct Answer: Creatinine
Question 15.
What bacteria is associated with acute pyelonephritis?
Correct Answer: E. coli
ANSWERS 2027
Question 1.
What is allergic asthma associated with?
Correct Answer: Type 1 Hypersensitivity; IgE mediated
Question 2.
What are the S&S of ARDS?
Correct Answer: SOB, Shallow Rapid Breathing, Atelectasis (aveoli close),
Dyspnea, Inspiratory Crackles, Respiratory Alkalosis, Decreased Lung
Compliance, Hypoxemia
Question 3.
What are the S&S of tension pneumothorax?
Correct Answer: Pressure that builds up and pushes the trachea towards the
unaffected side; Absent breath sounds over affected lung
Question 4.
What is cystic fibrosis?
Correct Answer: Excessive mucous coating in the lungs and pancreas; Genetic
Disorder (Autosomal Recessive)
Question 5.
Changes with an asthma attack:
Correct Answer: Wheezing, SOB, Bronchoconstriction, Dyspnea, Tachypnea
(rapid breathing)
Question 6.
How do you interpret ABG's?
Correct Answer: 1. Look at pH (acidosis - low or alkalosis - high) 2. Check the
CO2 (resp. indicator) - less than 35 (alkalosis) more than 45 (acidosis) 3. Check
the HCO3 (metabolic indicator) - less than 22 (acidosis) more than 26 (alkalosis)
4. Determine primary disorder (matches the pH) 5. Determine if its compensated
(pH returns to normal or near normal)
Question 7.
Respiratory Acidosis: What happens to pH/CO2?
, Correct Answer: Elevation (increase) of pCO2 -- Decreased pH (acidosis) the
Question 8.
Respiratory Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/CO2?
Correct Answer: Depression (decrease) of pCO2 -- Increased pH (alkalosis)
Question 9.
Metabolic Acidosis: What happens to pH/HCO3?
Correct Answer: Depression (decrease) of HCO3 -- Decreased pH (acidosis) the
Question 10.
Metabolic Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/HCO3?
Correct Answer: Elevation (increase) of HCO3 -- Increased pH (alkalosis)
Question 11.
What are signs of nal cancer?
Correct Answer: re- No pain! Hematuria (Blood in the Urine)
Question 12.
How do you manage end stage renal dis-ease?
Correct Answer: Dialysis, Fluid Restriction, Low Protein Diet, Decrease
Medication Doses, Anti-hypertensive, Give Ca Supplements, Give Erythropoietin
Shot, Give Iron Supplements/Blood Transfusion (anemic)
Question 13.
What do you call ney pain?
Correct Answer: kid- Nephralgia
Question 14.
What is the most helpful test to determine renal function?
Correct Answer: Creatinine
Question 15.
What bacteria is associated with acute pyelonephritis?
Correct Answer: E. coli
