NURS 5334 ADVANCED
PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
(LATEST ), (A+ GUARANTEE).
1. Which mechanism best describes the action of ACE inhibitors in treating hypertension?
A. Directly blocking the AT1 receptors in the vascular smooth muscle.
B. Reducing the production of renin from the juxtaglomerular cells.
C. Inhibiting the conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II.
D. Increasing the breakdown of bradykinin.
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: ACE inhibitors work by blocking the Angiotensin Converting
Enzyme, which prevents the conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II, a potent
vasoconstrictor.
2. A patient on HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) reports unexplained muscle pain and
weakness. What is the most critical lab to check?
A. Serum Creatinine
,B. Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)
C. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
D. Creatine Kinase (CK)
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Elevated CK levels indicate muscle breakdown, which can lead
to rhabdomyolysis, a serious side effect of statin therapy.
3. Which statement is true regarding the pharmacokinetics of Warfarin?
A. It has a short half-life of approximately 2 hours.
B. It directly inhibits thrombin (Factor IIa).
C. It is highly protein-bound, specifically to albumin.
D. Its effects are immediately reversed by Protamine Sulfate.
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Warfarin is roughly 99 percent bound to albumin. Displacement
by other drugs can lead to increased free warfarin and toxicity.
4. A patient presents with hyperreflexia, tremors, and agitation shortly after starting an SSRI
and a cough suppressant. What is the likely diagnosis?
A. Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
B. Serotonin Syndrome
, C. Anticholinergic Toxicity
D. Extrapyramidal Symptoms
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Serotonin syndrome occurs with the accumulation of serotonin,
often caused by combining SSRIs with other serotonergic agents like dextromethorphan.
5. Why are non-selective beta-blockers, such as Propranolol, contraindicated in patients with
asthma?
A. They inhibit the action of Beta-2 receptors in the lungs, causing bronchoconstriction.
B. They cause excessive mucus production.
C. They increase the sensitivity to allergens.
D. They decrease the effectiveness of inhaled corticosteroids.
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Non-selective beta-blockers block both Beta-1 and Beta-2
receptors. Blocking Beta-2 receptors in the bronchioles leads to narrowing of the airways.
6. Metformin should be withheld for 48 hours after a procedure involving IV contrast to
prevent which condition?
A. Hypoglycemia
B. Lactic Acidosis
C. Acute Myocardial Infarction
PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
(LATEST ), (A+ GUARANTEE).
1. Which mechanism best describes the action of ACE inhibitors in treating hypertension?
A. Directly blocking the AT1 receptors in the vascular smooth muscle.
B. Reducing the production of renin from the juxtaglomerular cells.
C. Inhibiting the conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II.
D. Increasing the breakdown of bradykinin.
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: ACE inhibitors work by blocking the Angiotensin Converting
Enzyme, which prevents the conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II, a potent
vasoconstrictor.
2. A patient on HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) reports unexplained muscle pain and
weakness. What is the most critical lab to check?
A. Serum Creatinine
,B. Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)
C. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
D. Creatine Kinase (CK)
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Elevated CK levels indicate muscle breakdown, which can lead
to rhabdomyolysis, a serious side effect of statin therapy.
3. Which statement is true regarding the pharmacokinetics of Warfarin?
A. It has a short half-life of approximately 2 hours.
B. It directly inhibits thrombin (Factor IIa).
C. It is highly protein-bound, specifically to albumin.
D. Its effects are immediately reversed by Protamine Sulfate.
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Warfarin is roughly 99 percent bound to albumin. Displacement
by other drugs can lead to increased free warfarin and toxicity.
4. A patient presents with hyperreflexia, tremors, and agitation shortly after starting an SSRI
and a cough suppressant. What is the likely diagnosis?
A. Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
B. Serotonin Syndrome
, C. Anticholinergic Toxicity
D. Extrapyramidal Symptoms
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Serotonin syndrome occurs with the accumulation of serotonin,
often caused by combining SSRIs with other serotonergic agents like dextromethorphan.
5. Why are non-selective beta-blockers, such as Propranolol, contraindicated in patients with
asthma?
A. They inhibit the action of Beta-2 receptors in the lungs, causing bronchoconstriction.
B. They cause excessive mucus production.
C. They increase the sensitivity to allergens.
D. They decrease the effectiveness of inhaled corticosteroids.
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Non-selective beta-blockers block both Beta-1 and Beta-2
receptors. Blocking Beta-2 receptors in the bronchioles leads to narrowing of the airways.
6. Metformin should be withheld for 48 hours after a procedure involving IV contrast to
prevent which condition?
A. Hypoglycemia
B. Lactic Acidosis
C. Acute Myocardial Infarction
