WGU C963 AMERICAN POLITICS FINAL
PAPER FULL Q AND A STUDY GUIDE
◉Fifteenth Amendment (1870). Answer: One of the Reconstruction
Amendments
*Provisions:*
Prohibited the government from using a citizen's race, color, or
previous status as a slave as a voting qualification.
◉Nineteenth Amendment (1920). Answer: granted women the right
to vote; its ratification capped a movement for women's rights that
dated to the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848. Although women were
voting in state elections in 12 states when the amendment passed, it
enabled 8 million women to vote in the presidential election of 1920.
◉Twenty-fourth Amendment (1964). Answer: It outlawed taxing
voters, i.e. poll taxes, at presidential or congressional elections, as an
effort to remove barriers to Black voters.
◉Breedlove v. Suttles (1937). Answer: The Supreme Court upheld
poll taxes as constitutional in the 1937 case
,◉Twenty-sixth Amendment (1971). Answer: Lowered the voting
age from 21 to 18
◉voting-eligible population (VEP). Answer: citizens who have
reached the minimum age to be eligible to vote, excluding those who
are not legally permitted to cast a ballot
◉compulsory voting laws. Answer: require citizens to vote in
elections or pay a fine.
◉Shelby County v. Holder, 2013 (5-4 decision). Answer: States and
localities do not need federal approval to change voting laws.
◉ballot fatigue. Answer: the phenomenon by which voters cast
fewer votes for offices listed toward the bottom of the ballot
◉retrospective voting. Answer: voting for a candidate because you
like his or her past actions in office
◉prospective voting. Answer: voting for a candidate because you
favor his or her ideas for handling issues
◉equal treatment. Answer: For our courts to be fair, judges must be
impartial -- that is, they may not favor either side in a case. The goal
,of our courts is to provide equal treatment to all people, regardless
of their wealth, position, race, gender, religion, ethnic background or
physical disability.
◉Gray v. Sanders (1963). Answer: one person, one vote
◉Thirteenth Amendment (1865). Answer: abolished slavery
◉Fourteenth Amendment (1868). Answer: granted citizenship to
any person born or naturalized in the United States; this amendment
protects citizens from abuses by state governments, and ensures due
process and equal protection of the law. It overrode the Dred Scott
decision.
◉Minor vs. Happersett (1875). Answer: A woman suffragist sued the
official who had not allowed her to vote. The Supreme Court ruled
that, while the woman was a citizen, voting was not a right but a
privilege bestowed by the federal government on those who could
be trusted to use it wisely. After this decision, NWSA began
advocating a separate constitutional amendment, modeled on the
Fifteenth, to bar disfranchisement "on the grounds of sex." This
wording would eventually go into the Nineteenth Amendment.
◉Civil Rights Act of 1964. Answer: outlawed discrimination based
on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin
, ◉Civil Rights Act of 1957. Answer: 1957
*First civil rights act since Reconstruction
*Stimulated by Brown v. Board of Edu. of Topeka and civil rights
activism
*Created a panel to ensure that voting rights of African Americans
were not violated
◉Fair Housing Act (Title VIII of the Civil Rights Act of 1968).
Answer: This law requires equal housing opportunities regardless of
race, religion, or national origin.
◉Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. Answer: Extends
civil rights to people with disabilities
◉Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Answer: Legislation passed
in 1990 that prohibits discrimination against people with
disabilities. Under this Act, discrimination against a disabled person
is illegal in employment, transportation, public accommodations,
communications and government activities.
◉Equal Pay Act of 1963 (EPA). Answer: A federal law requiring that
employers provide equal pay for men and women who do similar
work in the same workplace.
PAPER FULL Q AND A STUDY GUIDE
◉Fifteenth Amendment (1870). Answer: One of the Reconstruction
Amendments
*Provisions:*
Prohibited the government from using a citizen's race, color, or
previous status as a slave as a voting qualification.
◉Nineteenth Amendment (1920). Answer: granted women the right
to vote; its ratification capped a movement for women's rights that
dated to the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848. Although women were
voting in state elections in 12 states when the amendment passed, it
enabled 8 million women to vote in the presidential election of 1920.
◉Twenty-fourth Amendment (1964). Answer: It outlawed taxing
voters, i.e. poll taxes, at presidential or congressional elections, as an
effort to remove barriers to Black voters.
◉Breedlove v. Suttles (1937). Answer: The Supreme Court upheld
poll taxes as constitutional in the 1937 case
,◉Twenty-sixth Amendment (1971). Answer: Lowered the voting
age from 21 to 18
◉voting-eligible population (VEP). Answer: citizens who have
reached the minimum age to be eligible to vote, excluding those who
are not legally permitted to cast a ballot
◉compulsory voting laws. Answer: require citizens to vote in
elections or pay a fine.
◉Shelby County v. Holder, 2013 (5-4 decision). Answer: States and
localities do not need federal approval to change voting laws.
◉ballot fatigue. Answer: the phenomenon by which voters cast
fewer votes for offices listed toward the bottom of the ballot
◉retrospective voting. Answer: voting for a candidate because you
like his or her past actions in office
◉prospective voting. Answer: voting for a candidate because you
favor his or her ideas for handling issues
◉equal treatment. Answer: For our courts to be fair, judges must be
impartial -- that is, they may not favor either side in a case. The goal
,of our courts is to provide equal treatment to all people, regardless
of their wealth, position, race, gender, religion, ethnic background or
physical disability.
◉Gray v. Sanders (1963). Answer: one person, one vote
◉Thirteenth Amendment (1865). Answer: abolished slavery
◉Fourteenth Amendment (1868). Answer: granted citizenship to
any person born or naturalized in the United States; this amendment
protects citizens from abuses by state governments, and ensures due
process and equal protection of the law. It overrode the Dred Scott
decision.
◉Minor vs. Happersett (1875). Answer: A woman suffragist sued the
official who had not allowed her to vote. The Supreme Court ruled
that, while the woman was a citizen, voting was not a right but a
privilege bestowed by the federal government on those who could
be trusted to use it wisely. After this decision, NWSA began
advocating a separate constitutional amendment, modeled on the
Fifteenth, to bar disfranchisement "on the grounds of sex." This
wording would eventually go into the Nineteenth Amendment.
◉Civil Rights Act of 1964. Answer: outlawed discrimination based
on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin
, ◉Civil Rights Act of 1957. Answer: 1957
*First civil rights act since Reconstruction
*Stimulated by Brown v. Board of Edu. of Topeka and civil rights
activism
*Created a panel to ensure that voting rights of African Americans
were not violated
◉Fair Housing Act (Title VIII of the Civil Rights Act of 1968).
Answer: This law requires equal housing opportunities regardless of
race, religion, or national origin.
◉Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. Answer: Extends
civil rights to people with disabilities
◉Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Answer: Legislation passed
in 1990 that prohibits discrimination against people with
disabilities. Under this Act, discrimination against a disabled person
is illegal in employment, transportation, public accommodations,
communications and government activities.
◉Equal Pay Act of 1963 (EPA). Answer: A federal law requiring that
employers provide equal pay for men and women who do similar
work in the same workplace.
