TCFP Final Exam - General Questions & Verified Answers
Four Routes of Entry Inhalation, ingestion, absorption, injection.
Three Mechanisms of Harm Corrosivity, toxicity, energy release.
Initial Isolation Distance: Solids 75 feet.
Initial Isolation Distance: Liquids 150 feet.
Initial Isolation Distance: Gases 330 feet.
Vapor Pressure Pressure exerted by saturated vapor above its liquid in closed container.
Boiling Point Temperature at which liquid changes to gas at given pressure.
BLEVE Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion.
Vapor Density Weight of vapor/gas compared to equal volume of dry air.
Specific Gravity Ratio of material density to density of water.
Flash Point Minimum temperature where liquid/volatile solid emits vapors to flash.
Autoignition Temperature Minimum temperature to initiate self-sustained combustion without external
ignition.
Flammable Range Percentage concentration of gas/vapor in air that will burn/explode.
Acid pH Range 0 to 6.9.
Base pH Range 7.1 to 14.
Reactivity Triangle Oxidizing agent, activation energy, reducing agent (fuel).
Polymerization Chemical reaction combining simple molecules into long chain molecules.
Alpha Radiation Shielding Blocked completely by outer layer of skin.
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, TCFP Final Exam - General Questions & Verified Answers
Beta Radiation Shielding Stopped by clothing or thin sheet of metal.
Gamma Radiation Shielding Requires thick concrete, earth, or lead.
Neutron Radiation Shielding Requires high-hydrogen materials like oil, water, or concrete.
Three Radiation Protection Factors Time, distance, shielding.
GEBMO Sequence Stress, breach, release, dispersion/engulf, exposure/contact, harm.
Three Container Stressors Thermal, chemical, mechanical.
Five Types of Container Breach Disintegration, runaway cracking, attachment failure, puncture, split/tear.
Four Types of Release Detonation, violent rupture, rapid relief, spill/leak.
Plume dispersion pattern Irregularly shaped airborne pattern influenced by wind or topography.
Seven Clues to Hazmat Occupancy, container shape, placards/labels, markings, written resources, senses,
monitoring.
Bulk Packaging Criteria (Liquid) Maximum capacity greater than 119 gallons.
MC-331 Cargo Tank High pressure tank truck carrying liquefied gases (100-500 psi).
MC-307 / DOT-407 Low pressure chemical tank truck (25-35 psi).
MC-306 / DOT-406 Nonpressure liquid cargo tank truck (less than 4 psi).
MC-312 / DOT-412 Corrosive liquid tank truck (35-55 psi).
Cryogenic Liquid Temperature Liquid at or below -130°F at 14.7 psi.
Dewar Vessel Nonbulk, nonpressurized, vacuum-insulated container for cryogens.
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, TCFP Final Exam - General Questions & Verified Answers
Type A RAM Container Protects contents/shielding under normal transport (e.g., radiopharmaceuticals).
Type B RAM Container Withstands severe accident conditions without releasing high-level radioactivity.
Intermediate Bulk Container (IBC) Capacity 450 liters (119 gallons) to 3000 liters (793 gallons).
Placard Color: Orange Explosive.
Placard Color: Yellow Oxidizer / Reactive.
Placard Color: Red Flammable.
Placard Color: White Health hazard.
Placard Color: Blue Water reactive.
Placard Color: Green Nonflammable gas.
Class 1 Hazmat Explosives.
Class 2 Hazmat Gases.
Class 3 Hazmat Flammable liquids.
Class 4 Hazmat Flammable solids.
Class 5 Hazmat Oxidizers and organic peroxides.
Class 6 Hazmat Poisons (toxic and infectious substances).
Class 7 Hazmat Radioactive materials.
Class 8 Hazmat Corrosives.
Class 9 Hazmat Miscellaneous hazardous materials.
NFPA 704 Colors Blue (Health), Red (Flammability), Yellow (Instability), White (Special).
GHS Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals.
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, TCFP Final Exam - General Questions & Verified Answers
ERG Yellow Pages Four-digit UN/NA ID number index in numerical order.
ERG Blue Pages Dangerous goods listed alphabetically by material name.
ERG Orange Pages Initial action guides providing safety and response instructions.
ERG Green Pages Initial isolation and protective action distances.
Shipping Paper Sequence (ISHP) Identification number, Shipping name, Hazard class, Packing group.
Level I Incident Least serious; within capabilities of local first responders.
Level II Incident Requires formal hazmat response team and specialized PPE.
Level III Incident Most serious; requires state/federal resources and Unified Command.
Nonintervention Mode Allows incident to run its course without direct responder contact.
Defensive Mode Confines hazard to area of origin using diking, damming, or diverting.
Offensive Mode Aggressive, direct action to control material or plug leak.
Hot Zone Area surrounding incident presenting direct threat from hazmat.
Warm Zone Decontamination corridor and buffer between hot and cold zones.
Cold Zone Safe support zone housing command post, staging, and rehab.
SLUDGEM Symptoms Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation, Gastrointestinal upset, Emesis,
Miosis.
SCBA Hazmat Rule Only positive-pressure SCBA is permitted at hazmat incidents.
Level A PPE Highest respiratory and skin protection (totally encapsulating vapor-protective
suit).
Level B PPE Highest respiratory but lower skin protection (liquid splash-protective garment).
Level C PPE Air-purifying respirator with liquid splash-protective garment.
Level D PPE Standard work uniform/coveralls; worn only with no atmospheric hazard.
READY Acronym Radio, Equipment, Air, Details, Yes!
Absorption vs. Adsorption Absorption soaks liquid into cell structure; adsorption bonds liquid to surface.
Vapor Suppression Applying firefighting foam to reduce vapor emissions from liquids.
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Four Routes of Entry Inhalation, ingestion, absorption, injection.
Three Mechanisms of Harm Corrosivity, toxicity, energy release.
Initial Isolation Distance: Solids 75 feet.
Initial Isolation Distance: Liquids 150 feet.
Initial Isolation Distance: Gases 330 feet.
Vapor Pressure Pressure exerted by saturated vapor above its liquid in closed container.
Boiling Point Temperature at which liquid changes to gas at given pressure.
BLEVE Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion.
Vapor Density Weight of vapor/gas compared to equal volume of dry air.
Specific Gravity Ratio of material density to density of water.
Flash Point Minimum temperature where liquid/volatile solid emits vapors to flash.
Autoignition Temperature Minimum temperature to initiate self-sustained combustion without external
ignition.
Flammable Range Percentage concentration of gas/vapor in air that will burn/explode.
Acid pH Range 0 to 6.9.
Base pH Range 7.1 to 14.
Reactivity Triangle Oxidizing agent, activation energy, reducing agent (fuel).
Polymerization Chemical reaction combining simple molecules into long chain molecules.
Alpha Radiation Shielding Blocked completely by outer layer of skin.
Stuvia 2026-2027
, TCFP Final Exam - General Questions & Verified Answers
Beta Radiation Shielding Stopped by clothing or thin sheet of metal.
Gamma Radiation Shielding Requires thick concrete, earth, or lead.
Neutron Radiation Shielding Requires high-hydrogen materials like oil, water, or concrete.
Three Radiation Protection Factors Time, distance, shielding.
GEBMO Sequence Stress, breach, release, dispersion/engulf, exposure/contact, harm.
Three Container Stressors Thermal, chemical, mechanical.
Five Types of Container Breach Disintegration, runaway cracking, attachment failure, puncture, split/tear.
Four Types of Release Detonation, violent rupture, rapid relief, spill/leak.
Plume dispersion pattern Irregularly shaped airborne pattern influenced by wind or topography.
Seven Clues to Hazmat Occupancy, container shape, placards/labels, markings, written resources, senses,
monitoring.
Bulk Packaging Criteria (Liquid) Maximum capacity greater than 119 gallons.
MC-331 Cargo Tank High pressure tank truck carrying liquefied gases (100-500 psi).
MC-307 / DOT-407 Low pressure chemical tank truck (25-35 psi).
MC-306 / DOT-406 Nonpressure liquid cargo tank truck (less than 4 psi).
MC-312 / DOT-412 Corrosive liquid tank truck (35-55 psi).
Cryogenic Liquid Temperature Liquid at or below -130°F at 14.7 psi.
Dewar Vessel Nonbulk, nonpressurized, vacuum-insulated container for cryogens.
Stuvia 2026-2027
, TCFP Final Exam - General Questions & Verified Answers
Type A RAM Container Protects contents/shielding under normal transport (e.g., radiopharmaceuticals).
Type B RAM Container Withstands severe accident conditions without releasing high-level radioactivity.
Intermediate Bulk Container (IBC) Capacity 450 liters (119 gallons) to 3000 liters (793 gallons).
Placard Color: Orange Explosive.
Placard Color: Yellow Oxidizer / Reactive.
Placard Color: Red Flammable.
Placard Color: White Health hazard.
Placard Color: Blue Water reactive.
Placard Color: Green Nonflammable gas.
Class 1 Hazmat Explosives.
Class 2 Hazmat Gases.
Class 3 Hazmat Flammable liquids.
Class 4 Hazmat Flammable solids.
Class 5 Hazmat Oxidizers and organic peroxides.
Class 6 Hazmat Poisons (toxic and infectious substances).
Class 7 Hazmat Radioactive materials.
Class 8 Hazmat Corrosives.
Class 9 Hazmat Miscellaneous hazardous materials.
NFPA 704 Colors Blue (Health), Red (Flammability), Yellow (Instability), White (Special).
GHS Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals.
Stuvia 2026-2027
, TCFP Final Exam - General Questions & Verified Answers
ERG Yellow Pages Four-digit UN/NA ID number index in numerical order.
ERG Blue Pages Dangerous goods listed alphabetically by material name.
ERG Orange Pages Initial action guides providing safety and response instructions.
ERG Green Pages Initial isolation and protective action distances.
Shipping Paper Sequence (ISHP) Identification number, Shipping name, Hazard class, Packing group.
Level I Incident Least serious; within capabilities of local first responders.
Level II Incident Requires formal hazmat response team and specialized PPE.
Level III Incident Most serious; requires state/federal resources and Unified Command.
Nonintervention Mode Allows incident to run its course without direct responder contact.
Defensive Mode Confines hazard to area of origin using diking, damming, or diverting.
Offensive Mode Aggressive, direct action to control material or plug leak.
Hot Zone Area surrounding incident presenting direct threat from hazmat.
Warm Zone Decontamination corridor and buffer between hot and cold zones.
Cold Zone Safe support zone housing command post, staging, and rehab.
SLUDGEM Symptoms Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation, Gastrointestinal upset, Emesis,
Miosis.
SCBA Hazmat Rule Only positive-pressure SCBA is permitted at hazmat incidents.
Level A PPE Highest respiratory and skin protection (totally encapsulating vapor-protective
suit).
Level B PPE Highest respiratory but lower skin protection (liquid splash-protective garment).
Level C PPE Air-purifying respirator with liquid splash-protective garment.
Level D PPE Standard work uniform/coveralls; worn only with no atmospheric hazard.
READY Acronym Radio, Equipment, Air, Details, Yes!
Absorption vs. Adsorption Absorption soaks liquid into cell structure; adsorption bonds liquid to surface.
Vapor Suppression Applying firefighting foam to reduce vapor emissions from liquids.
Stuvia 2026-2027
