NUSCTX 10 Study Guide Questions with
Verified Correct Answers
What is the basic body composition?
mostly water (60% in kids 50% in adults)
cells are about 20% protein
most carbs are in liver and muscle
energy stores are mostly in adipose tissue
fuel composition in humans
adipose triglyceride
protein
glycogen- muscle
glycogen- liver
lean tissue conservation in starvation
nitrogen balance- loss must equal intake
there are no storage proteins in the body
loss of 40-50% LBM is fatal so around 15kg
can starve for around 30 days
how long can humans starve?
can be 30-45 days
survival can even be 60-90 days if hydration and electrolytes are maintained
how is starvation possible?
, reduce nitrogen losses to 20g protein/day
lose 100g of lean tissue instead of 500g
sequential metabolic response to prolonged fasting
phase 1: glycogen depletion, high rate of nitrogen loss, baseline fuel mixture is maintained
phase 2: fatty acid oxidation, ketosis, reduced nitrogen and tissue losses
phase 3: brain keto-adaptation, reduced nitrogen and tissue loss
Role of liver in response to starvation
glycogen depletion, reduced glucose release, more fatty acid oxidation, reduced
gluconeogenesis
Role of pancreas in response to starvation
reduced insulin secretion
Role of adipose in response to starvation
increased fatty acid release into the blood
Role of muscle in response to starvation
reduced glucose oxidation, increased fat oxidation, reduced protein breakdown & amino acid
release
Role of brain in response to starvation
keto-adaptation, reduced glucose oxidation, reduced amino acid reduce
Role of kidney in response to starvation
conservation of ketones
Role of endocrine organs in response to starvation
Verified Correct Answers
What is the basic body composition?
mostly water (60% in kids 50% in adults)
cells are about 20% protein
most carbs are in liver and muscle
energy stores are mostly in adipose tissue
fuel composition in humans
adipose triglyceride
protein
glycogen- muscle
glycogen- liver
lean tissue conservation in starvation
nitrogen balance- loss must equal intake
there are no storage proteins in the body
loss of 40-50% LBM is fatal so around 15kg
can starve for around 30 days
how long can humans starve?
can be 30-45 days
survival can even be 60-90 days if hydration and electrolytes are maintained
how is starvation possible?
, reduce nitrogen losses to 20g protein/day
lose 100g of lean tissue instead of 500g
sequential metabolic response to prolonged fasting
phase 1: glycogen depletion, high rate of nitrogen loss, baseline fuel mixture is maintained
phase 2: fatty acid oxidation, ketosis, reduced nitrogen and tissue losses
phase 3: brain keto-adaptation, reduced nitrogen and tissue loss
Role of liver in response to starvation
glycogen depletion, reduced glucose release, more fatty acid oxidation, reduced
gluconeogenesis
Role of pancreas in response to starvation
reduced insulin secretion
Role of adipose in response to starvation
increased fatty acid release into the blood
Role of muscle in response to starvation
reduced glucose oxidation, increased fat oxidation, reduced protein breakdown & amino acid
release
Role of brain in response to starvation
keto-adaptation, reduced glucose oxidation, reduced amino acid reduce
Role of kidney in response to starvation
conservation of ketones
Role of endocrine organs in response to starvation
