A&P Anatomy and Physiology Exam Prep Study Guide Questions
with Correct Answers (Grade A+)
Question 1: Anna Freud
Answer: 1895-1982; Field: psychoanalysis;
Contributions: focused on child psychoanalysis, fully developed defense
mechanisms, emphasized importance of the ego and its constant struggle
Question 2: Carl Jung
Answer: 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian, analytic
psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious
awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of
energy, not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation
Question 3: Erik Erikson
Answer: 1902-1994; Field: neo-Freudian, humanistic;
Contributions: created an 8-stage theory to show how people evolve
through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that
involves confronting "Who am I?"
Question 4: Lawrence Köhlberg
Answer: 1927-1987; Field: cognition, moral
development; Contributions: created a theory of moral development that
has 3 levels; focuses on moral reasoning rather than overt behavior
Question 5: Carol Gilligan
Answer: 1936-pres; Field: cognition; Contributions:
maintained that Köhlberg's work was developed by only observing boys
and overlooked potential differences between the habitual moral
judgments of boys and girls; girls focus more on relationships than laws
and principles
Question 6: William James
Answer: 1842-1910; Field: functionalism;
Contributions: studied how humans use perception to function in our
environment; Studies: Pragmatism, The Meaning of Truth
Page 1
, Question 7: William Wundt
Answer: 1832-1920; Field: structuralism,
voluntarism; Contributions: introspection, basic units of experience;
Studies: 1st psychological laboratory in world at University of Leipzig
Question 8: BF Skinner
Answer: 1904-1990; Field: behavioral; Contributions:
created techniques to manipulate the consequences of an organism's
behavior in order to observe the effects of subsequent behavior; Studies:
Skinner box
Question 9: John B Watson
Answer: 1878-1958; Field: behaviorism;
Contributions: generalization-inductive reasoning, emphasis on external
behaviors of people and their reactions on a given situation; Studies:
Little Albert
Question 10: Jean Piaget
Answer: 1896-1980; Field: cognition; Contributions:
created a 4-stage theory of cognitive development, said that two basic
processes work in tandem to achieve cognitive growth (assimilation and
accommodation)
Question 11: Harry Harlow
Answer: 1905-1981; Field: development;
Contributions: realized that touch is preferred in development; Studies:
Rhesus monkeys, studied attachment of infant monkeys (wire mothers v.
cloth mothers)
Question 12: Carl Rogers
Answer: 1902-1987; Field: humanistic; Contributions:
founded person-centered therapy, theory that emphasizes the unique
quality of humans especially their freedom and potential for personal
growth, unconditional positive regard, fully functioning person
Page 2
with Correct Answers (Grade A+)
Question 1: Anna Freud
Answer: 1895-1982; Field: psychoanalysis;
Contributions: focused on child psychoanalysis, fully developed defense
mechanisms, emphasized importance of the ego and its constant struggle
Question 2: Carl Jung
Answer: 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian, analytic
psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious
awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of
energy, not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation
Question 3: Erik Erikson
Answer: 1902-1994; Field: neo-Freudian, humanistic;
Contributions: created an 8-stage theory to show how people evolve
through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that
involves confronting "Who am I?"
Question 4: Lawrence Köhlberg
Answer: 1927-1987; Field: cognition, moral
development; Contributions: created a theory of moral development that
has 3 levels; focuses on moral reasoning rather than overt behavior
Question 5: Carol Gilligan
Answer: 1936-pres; Field: cognition; Contributions:
maintained that Köhlberg's work was developed by only observing boys
and overlooked potential differences between the habitual moral
judgments of boys and girls; girls focus more on relationships than laws
and principles
Question 6: William James
Answer: 1842-1910; Field: functionalism;
Contributions: studied how humans use perception to function in our
environment; Studies: Pragmatism, The Meaning of Truth
Page 1
, Question 7: William Wundt
Answer: 1832-1920; Field: structuralism,
voluntarism; Contributions: introspection, basic units of experience;
Studies: 1st psychological laboratory in world at University of Leipzig
Question 8: BF Skinner
Answer: 1904-1990; Field: behavioral; Contributions:
created techniques to manipulate the consequences of an organism's
behavior in order to observe the effects of subsequent behavior; Studies:
Skinner box
Question 9: John B Watson
Answer: 1878-1958; Field: behaviorism;
Contributions: generalization-inductive reasoning, emphasis on external
behaviors of people and their reactions on a given situation; Studies:
Little Albert
Question 10: Jean Piaget
Answer: 1896-1980; Field: cognition; Contributions:
created a 4-stage theory of cognitive development, said that two basic
processes work in tandem to achieve cognitive growth (assimilation and
accommodation)
Question 11: Harry Harlow
Answer: 1905-1981; Field: development;
Contributions: realized that touch is preferred in development; Studies:
Rhesus monkeys, studied attachment of infant monkeys (wire mothers v.
cloth mothers)
Question 12: Carl Rogers
Answer: 1902-1987; Field: humanistic; Contributions:
founded person-centered therapy, theory that emphasizes the unique
quality of humans especially their freedom and potential for personal
growth, unconditional positive regard, fully functioning person
Page 2
