UNE Pathophysiology Final Exam
2026/2027 – Latest Study Guide, Practice
Questions & Answers
According to the Frank-Starling law of the heart, increasing the _______________
within physiologic limits will cause increased contractility - correct answer-
Preload
Cardiac output is equal to heart rate time ________________ - correct answer-
stroke volume
The normal pacemaker of the heart is the ____________________ - correct
answer-SA node
The __________________ nerves increase heart rate and contractibility. - correct
answer-sympathetic
At resting potential, a cardiac myocyte is __________ on the inside compared
with the outside of the cell. - correct answer-Negative
Cross-bridge formation that results in muscle contraction requires intracellular
_________________ - correct answer-Calcium ions
,Thin filaments in cardiac myocytes actin and _____________ - correct answer-
troponin
The ___________ arteries supply blood to the cardiac myoctes. - correct answer-
coronary
Associated with differences in circulating estrogens and androgenic hormones -
correct answer-Gender
Predisposes to hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes - correct answer-
Obesity
Results from genetic changes and high dietary intake of saturated fats - correct
answer-Hyperlipidemia
Contributes to hypertension, urge to smoke and eat, and dysfunctional
carbohydrate metabolism - correct answer-sedentary lifestyle
Stimulates catecholamine release, increasing blood pressure, cardiac work, and
oxygen demand - correct answer-smoking
marker of inflammation and increased risk for coronary artery disease - correct
answer-Increase C-reactive protein
Causes trauma to arterial walls and increased myocardial workload - correct
answer-hypertension
,Increases body weight and triglyceride levels and has direct toxic effects on
myocardium - correct answer-heavy alcohol consumption
Associated with hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertension, and arterial damage from
insulin resistance - correct answer-Diabetes
A patient has an embolus lodge in the coronary artery. Which condition should
the nurse monitor for in this patient?
A. mitral stenosis
B. Atherosclerosis
C. Aortic Aneurysm
D. Mycardial infarction - correct answer-D. myocardial infarction
A nurse is how prolonged standing can lead to varicose veins. How should the
nurse respond?
A. prolonged standing causes a clot
B. prolonged standing increases a valves competence
C. prolonged standing leads to stunning, hibernation, and remodeling
D. Prolonged standing diminished the action of the muscle pump to return blood
to the heart - correct answer-D. prolonged standing diminished the action of the
muscle pump to return blood to the heart
In the cardiac cycle, the ventricles contract during:
, A. the refractory period
B. disease
C. repolarization
D. systole - correct answer-D. systole
The effect of sympathetic nervous system stimulation on the heart is to:
A. increase the refractory period
B. increase the heart rate
C. decrease calcium influx
D. decrease the strength of myocardial contraction - correct answer-B increase
the heart rate
The heart chamber that receives blood from the pulmonary circulation is the:
A. right Atrium
B. right ventricle
C. left atrium
D. left ventricle - correct answer-D. left atrium
Arterial baroreceptors are located in the
A. renal artery
B. superior vena cava
C. aortic arch
2026/2027 – Latest Study Guide, Practice
Questions & Answers
According to the Frank-Starling law of the heart, increasing the _______________
within physiologic limits will cause increased contractility - correct answer-
Preload
Cardiac output is equal to heart rate time ________________ - correct answer-
stroke volume
The normal pacemaker of the heart is the ____________________ - correct
answer-SA node
The __________________ nerves increase heart rate and contractibility. - correct
answer-sympathetic
At resting potential, a cardiac myocyte is __________ on the inside compared
with the outside of the cell. - correct answer-Negative
Cross-bridge formation that results in muscle contraction requires intracellular
_________________ - correct answer-Calcium ions
,Thin filaments in cardiac myocytes actin and _____________ - correct answer-
troponin
The ___________ arteries supply blood to the cardiac myoctes. - correct answer-
coronary
Associated with differences in circulating estrogens and androgenic hormones -
correct answer-Gender
Predisposes to hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes - correct answer-
Obesity
Results from genetic changes and high dietary intake of saturated fats - correct
answer-Hyperlipidemia
Contributes to hypertension, urge to smoke and eat, and dysfunctional
carbohydrate metabolism - correct answer-sedentary lifestyle
Stimulates catecholamine release, increasing blood pressure, cardiac work, and
oxygen demand - correct answer-smoking
marker of inflammation and increased risk for coronary artery disease - correct
answer-Increase C-reactive protein
Causes trauma to arterial walls and increased myocardial workload - correct
answer-hypertension
,Increases body weight and triglyceride levels and has direct toxic effects on
myocardium - correct answer-heavy alcohol consumption
Associated with hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertension, and arterial damage from
insulin resistance - correct answer-Diabetes
A patient has an embolus lodge in the coronary artery. Which condition should
the nurse monitor for in this patient?
A. mitral stenosis
B. Atherosclerosis
C. Aortic Aneurysm
D. Mycardial infarction - correct answer-D. myocardial infarction
A nurse is how prolonged standing can lead to varicose veins. How should the
nurse respond?
A. prolonged standing causes a clot
B. prolonged standing increases a valves competence
C. prolonged standing leads to stunning, hibernation, and remodeling
D. Prolonged standing diminished the action of the muscle pump to return blood
to the heart - correct answer-D. prolonged standing diminished the action of the
muscle pump to return blood to the heart
In the cardiac cycle, the ventricles contract during:
, A. the refractory period
B. disease
C. repolarization
D. systole - correct answer-D. systole
The effect of sympathetic nervous system stimulation on the heart is to:
A. increase the refractory period
B. increase the heart rate
C. decrease calcium influx
D. decrease the strength of myocardial contraction - correct answer-B increase
the heart rate
The heart chamber that receives blood from the pulmonary circulation is the:
A. right Atrium
B. right ventricle
C. left atrium
D. left ventricle - correct answer-D. left atrium
Arterial baroreceptors are located in the
A. renal artery
B. superior vena cava
C. aortic arch
