1017MSC ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY SYSTEMS II LABORATORY GUIDE 2026 | COMPLETE
PRACTICAL EXAM 1 & 2 STUDY GUIDE | CARDIOVASCULAR, RESPIRATORY, RENAL & GI
SYSTEMS - GRIFFITH UNIVERSITY – COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS | VERIFIED AND WELLDETAILED ANSWERS | DETAILED EXPLANATIONS AND
RATIONALES | COMPLETE EXAM PREPARATION STUDY GUIDE | PRACTICE QUESTIONS |
LATEST EXAM UPDATE
•
CORE DOMAINS
• Cardiovascular System Anatomy and Physiology
• Cardiovascular Blood Vessels, Circulation, and Blood Pressure
• Respiratory System Anatomy, Mechanics, and Gas Exchange
• Respiratory Gas Transport and Regulation of Ventilation
• Renal System Anatomy, Glomerular Function, and Urine Formation
• Renal Water, Electrolyte, and Acid–Base Regulation
• Gastrointestinal Tract Anatomy, Motility, and Secretion
• Digestion, Absorption, Pancreatic Function, and Hepatic Function
• Integrated Homeostasis and System Interrelationships
•
INTRODUCTION
This comprehensive assessment is designed to reinforce the major anatomical and
physiological principles covered in 1017MSC Anatomy and Physiology Systems II. It evaluates
knowledge of cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, and gastrointestinal structures and their
integrated functions through 100 multiple-choice questions. Questions progress from
foundational identification and terminology to application, interpretation, physiological
mechanisms, laboratory-style recognition, and integrated homeostatic reasoning. The
assessment emphasizes understanding relationships between structure and function,
interpreting physiological changes, distinguishing closely related concepts, and applying
knowledge to realistic situations. Each question includes the correct answer and an
explanatory rationale so learners can identify knowledge gaps, correct misconceptions, and
strengthen examination-style reasoning. The coverage reflects the major system areas
identified in course materials, including laboratory investigation and practical anatomy. *
SECTION ONE: QUESTIONS 1–100
Question 1. Which chamber of the heart normally pumps oxygenated blood into the
systemic circulation?
A. Right atrium
B. Right ventricle
,C. Left atrium
D. Left ventricle
Correct Answer: D. Left ventricle
Explanation: The left ventricle ejects oxygenated blood through the aortic valve into the
aorta and therefore must generate the highest pressure of the four chambers. Its thick
muscular wall reflects this workload.
Question 2. Which heart valve lies between the left atrium and left ventricle?
A. Tricuspid valve
B. Mitral valve
C. Pulmonary semilunar valve
D. Aortic semilunar valve
Correct Answer: B. Mitral valve
Explanation: The mitral, or bicuspid, valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle. It
opens during ventricular filling and closes during ventricular contraction to prevent backflow
into the atrium.
Question 3. A laboratory specimen demonstrates a vessel carrying blood away from the
heart. Which classification applies regardless of the oxygen content of the blood?
A. Artery
B. Vein
C. Capillary
D. Venule
Correct Answer: A. Artery
Explanation: Arteries are defined by the direction of blood flow away from the heart.
Therefore, the pulmonary arteries are still arteries even though they carry relatively
deoxygenated blood.
Question 4. Which structure normally initiates the electrical impulse responsible for each
heartbeat?
A. Atrioventricular node
B. Bundle branches
C. Sinoatrial node
D. Purkinje fibres
Correct Answer: C. Sinoatrial node
, Explanation: The sinoatrial node contains specialized pacemaker cells that spontaneously
depolarize and normally establish the heart's basic rhythm. The impulse then spreads
through the atria toward the atrioventricular node.
Question 5. What is the principal function of the atrioventricular node during normal cardiac
conduction?
A. It initiates ventricular repolarization
B. It delays conduction before the ventricles contract
C. It supplies oxygen to the myocardium
D. It prevents atrial contraction
Correct Answer: B. It delays conduction before the ventricles contract
Explanation: The AV node briefly delays the electrical impulse, allowing the atria time to
complete ventricular filling before ventricular depolarization occurs.
Question 6. Which coronary vessel supplies blood to the myocardium itself?
A. Coronary arteries
B. Pulmonary veins
C. Superior vena cava
D. Pulmonary trunk
Correct Answer: A. Coronary arteries
Explanation: The myocardium requires its own blood supply. The coronary arteries arise
from the proximal aorta and deliver oxygenated blood to cardiac muscle.
Question 7. During ventricular systole, which valves should normally be closed?
A. Mitral and tricuspid valves
B. Aortic and pulmonary valves
C. Mitral and pulmonary valves
D. Tricuspid and aortic valves
Correct Answer: A. Mitral and tricuspid valves
Explanation: During ventricular systole, the atrioventricular valves close to prevent blood
from moving back into the atria. The semilunar valves open when ventricular pressure
exceeds arterial pressure.
Question 8. Which blood vessel returns oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?
A. Pulmonary artery
B. Pulmonary trunk
C. Pulmonary vein
D. Superior vena cava
PRACTICAL EXAM 1 & 2 STUDY GUIDE | CARDIOVASCULAR, RESPIRATORY, RENAL & GI
SYSTEMS - GRIFFITH UNIVERSITY – COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS | VERIFIED AND WELLDETAILED ANSWERS | DETAILED EXPLANATIONS AND
RATIONALES | COMPLETE EXAM PREPARATION STUDY GUIDE | PRACTICE QUESTIONS |
LATEST EXAM UPDATE
•
CORE DOMAINS
• Cardiovascular System Anatomy and Physiology
• Cardiovascular Blood Vessels, Circulation, and Blood Pressure
• Respiratory System Anatomy, Mechanics, and Gas Exchange
• Respiratory Gas Transport and Regulation of Ventilation
• Renal System Anatomy, Glomerular Function, and Urine Formation
• Renal Water, Electrolyte, and Acid–Base Regulation
• Gastrointestinal Tract Anatomy, Motility, and Secretion
• Digestion, Absorption, Pancreatic Function, and Hepatic Function
• Integrated Homeostasis and System Interrelationships
•
INTRODUCTION
This comprehensive assessment is designed to reinforce the major anatomical and
physiological principles covered in 1017MSC Anatomy and Physiology Systems II. It evaluates
knowledge of cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, and gastrointestinal structures and their
integrated functions through 100 multiple-choice questions. Questions progress from
foundational identification and terminology to application, interpretation, physiological
mechanisms, laboratory-style recognition, and integrated homeostatic reasoning. The
assessment emphasizes understanding relationships between structure and function,
interpreting physiological changes, distinguishing closely related concepts, and applying
knowledge to realistic situations. Each question includes the correct answer and an
explanatory rationale so learners can identify knowledge gaps, correct misconceptions, and
strengthen examination-style reasoning. The coverage reflects the major system areas
identified in course materials, including laboratory investigation and practical anatomy. *
SECTION ONE: QUESTIONS 1–100
Question 1. Which chamber of the heart normally pumps oxygenated blood into the
systemic circulation?
A. Right atrium
B. Right ventricle
,C. Left atrium
D. Left ventricle
Correct Answer: D. Left ventricle
Explanation: The left ventricle ejects oxygenated blood through the aortic valve into the
aorta and therefore must generate the highest pressure of the four chambers. Its thick
muscular wall reflects this workload.
Question 2. Which heart valve lies between the left atrium and left ventricle?
A. Tricuspid valve
B. Mitral valve
C. Pulmonary semilunar valve
D. Aortic semilunar valve
Correct Answer: B. Mitral valve
Explanation: The mitral, or bicuspid, valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle. It
opens during ventricular filling and closes during ventricular contraction to prevent backflow
into the atrium.
Question 3. A laboratory specimen demonstrates a vessel carrying blood away from the
heart. Which classification applies regardless of the oxygen content of the blood?
A. Artery
B. Vein
C. Capillary
D. Venule
Correct Answer: A. Artery
Explanation: Arteries are defined by the direction of blood flow away from the heart.
Therefore, the pulmonary arteries are still arteries even though they carry relatively
deoxygenated blood.
Question 4. Which structure normally initiates the electrical impulse responsible for each
heartbeat?
A. Atrioventricular node
B. Bundle branches
C. Sinoatrial node
D. Purkinje fibres
Correct Answer: C. Sinoatrial node
, Explanation: The sinoatrial node contains specialized pacemaker cells that spontaneously
depolarize and normally establish the heart's basic rhythm. The impulse then spreads
through the atria toward the atrioventricular node.
Question 5. What is the principal function of the atrioventricular node during normal cardiac
conduction?
A. It initiates ventricular repolarization
B. It delays conduction before the ventricles contract
C. It supplies oxygen to the myocardium
D. It prevents atrial contraction
Correct Answer: B. It delays conduction before the ventricles contract
Explanation: The AV node briefly delays the electrical impulse, allowing the atria time to
complete ventricular filling before ventricular depolarization occurs.
Question 6. Which coronary vessel supplies blood to the myocardium itself?
A. Coronary arteries
B. Pulmonary veins
C. Superior vena cava
D. Pulmonary trunk
Correct Answer: A. Coronary arteries
Explanation: The myocardium requires its own blood supply. The coronary arteries arise
from the proximal aorta and deliver oxygenated blood to cardiac muscle.
Question 7. During ventricular systole, which valves should normally be closed?
A. Mitral and tricuspid valves
B. Aortic and pulmonary valves
C. Mitral and pulmonary valves
D. Tricuspid and aortic valves
Correct Answer: A. Mitral and tricuspid valves
Explanation: During ventricular systole, the atrioventricular valves close to prevent blood
from moving back into the atria. The semilunar valves open when ventricular pressure
exceeds arterial pressure.
Question 8. Which blood vessel returns oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?
A. Pulmonary artery
B. Pulmonary trunk
C. Pulmonary vein
D. Superior vena cava
