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NSG 3850 EXAM 3 2026/2027 | PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
FOR NURSES II | 40 VERIFIED Q&A | DETAILED
RATIONALES | PASS GUARANTEED – A+ GRADED
SECTION 1: RENAL & URINARY DISORDERS – Questions 1-15
Q1: Glomerular Disorders Identification
Which condition is classified as a glomerular disorder?
A. Pyelonephritis
B. Obstructive uropathy
C. Interstitial cystitis
D. Nephrotic syndrome
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome is a glomerular disorder characterized by massive proteinuria due to
increased glomerular permeability. Pyelonephritis is a tubulointerstitial disorder, and obstructive
uropathy is a mechanical obstruction .
Q2: Nephrotic Syndrome Edema Mechanism
The nurse is assessing edema in a client diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. The nurse understands
that the edema is caused by:
A. Increased sodium loss leads to increased third spacing of fluids
B. Serum albumin is lost, oncotic pressure decreases allowing fluids to escape
C. Large glucose molecules increase and crowd out all other molecules
D. Oncotic pressure increases forcing fluids out into the interstitial spaces
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Massive proteinuria leads to hypoalbuminemia, reducing plasma oncotic pressure, which
allows fluid to shift from the intravascular to interstitial space causing edema. Sodium is retained,
not lost. Oncotic pressure decreases, not increases .
Q3: Nephrotic Syndrome Triad
A patient with nephrotic syndrome typically presents with which triad of findings?
A. Hematuria, hypertension, oliguria
B. Proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, generalized edema
C. Pyuria, bacteriuria, fever
D. Polyuria, polydipsia, hyperglycemia
, 2
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome is defined by massive proteinuria (>3.5 g/day) from increased
glomerular permeability, resulting in hypoalbuminemia and generalized edema. Hematuria and
hypertension are typical of glomerulonephritis .
Q4: Hyperlipidemia in Nephrotic Syndrome
Hyperlipidemia occurs in nephrotic syndrome because:
A. Hepatocytes synthesize excessive lipids
B. Lipids are not excreted in the urine
C. Body fats are catabolized
D. Muscles stop burning triglycerides for energy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In nephrotic syndrome, the liver compensates for protein loss by increasing lipoprotein
synthesis, leading to hyperlipidemia. The kidneys do not typically excrete lipids, and dietary intake
alone does not explain the severe hyperlipidemia .
Q5: Acute Glomerulonephritis Pathophysiology
The pathophysiologic basis of acute glomerulonephritis is:
A. Renal ischemia
B. Bacterial invasion of the glomerulus
C. An anaphylactic reaction
D. An immune complex reaction
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Acute glomerulonephritis is typically an immune-complex mediated disease. Immune
complexes deposit in the glomeruli, triggering inflammation and damage .
Q6: Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis Infection
The infection frequently associated with development of post-infectious acute glomerulonephritis is:
A. Pneumonia
B. Throat infection
C. Endocarditis
D. Urinary tract infection
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis typically follows a Group A beta-hemolytic
streptococcal infection of the throat (pharyngitis) or skin (impetigo) .
NSG 3850 EXAM 3 2026/2027 | PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
FOR NURSES II | 40 VERIFIED Q&A | DETAILED
RATIONALES | PASS GUARANTEED – A+ GRADED
SECTION 1: RENAL & URINARY DISORDERS – Questions 1-15
Q1: Glomerular Disorders Identification
Which condition is classified as a glomerular disorder?
A. Pyelonephritis
B. Obstructive uropathy
C. Interstitial cystitis
D. Nephrotic syndrome
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome is a glomerular disorder characterized by massive proteinuria due to
increased glomerular permeability. Pyelonephritis is a tubulointerstitial disorder, and obstructive
uropathy is a mechanical obstruction .
Q2: Nephrotic Syndrome Edema Mechanism
The nurse is assessing edema in a client diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. The nurse understands
that the edema is caused by:
A. Increased sodium loss leads to increased third spacing of fluids
B. Serum albumin is lost, oncotic pressure decreases allowing fluids to escape
C. Large glucose molecules increase and crowd out all other molecules
D. Oncotic pressure increases forcing fluids out into the interstitial spaces
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Massive proteinuria leads to hypoalbuminemia, reducing plasma oncotic pressure, which
allows fluid to shift from the intravascular to interstitial space causing edema. Sodium is retained,
not lost. Oncotic pressure decreases, not increases .
Q3: Nephrotic Syndrome Triad
A patient with nephrotic syndrome typically presents with which triad of findings?
A. Hematuria, hypertension, oliguria
B. Proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, generalized edema
C. Pyuria, bacteriuria, fever
D. Polyuria, polydipsia, hyperglycemia
, 2
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome is defined by massive proteinuria (>3.5 g/day) from increased
glomerular permeability, resulting in hypoalbuminemia and generalized edema. Hematuria and
hypertension are typical of glomerulonephritis .
Q4: Hyperlipidemia in Nephrotic Syndrome
Hyperlipidemia occurs in nephrotic syndrome because:
A. Hepatocytes synthesize excessive lipids
B. Lipids are not excreted in the urine
C. Body fats are catabolized
D. Muscles stop burning triglycerides for energy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In nephrotic syndrome, the liver compensates for protein loss by increasing lipoprotein
synthesis, leading to hyperlipidemia. The kidneys do not typically excrete lipids, and dietary intake
alone does not explain the severe hyperlipidemia .
Q5: Acute Glomerulonephritis Pathophysiology
The pathophysiologic basis of acute glomerulonephritis is:
A. Renal ischemia
B. Bacterial invasion of the glomerulus
C. An anaphylactic reaction
D. An immune complex reaction
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Acute glomerulonephritis is typically an immune-complex mediated disease. Immune
complexes deposit in the glomeruli, triggering inflammation and damage .
Q6: Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis Infection
The infection frequently associated with development of post-infectious acute glomerulonephritis is:
A. Pneumonia
B. Throat infection
C. Endocarditis
D. Urinary tract infection
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis typically follows a Group A beta-hemolytic
streptococcal infection of the throat (pharyngitis) or skin (impetigo) .
