ASM 275 Unit 4 - Study Guide Exam
With Complete Solutions
What is positive identification and individuation? - ANSWER - final phases of forensic
analysis
- identify with high probability the exact identification of the individual
- begin with information on sex, age, stature, and ancestry
- add to this other info from skeleton
What is pathology? - ANSWER the study of ancient disease in skeletal remains
How is pathology useful to forensic anthropologists? - ANSWER 1) Can be confused
with perimortem trauma (fusion defects)
2) Can be confused with postmortem taphonomic alterations
3) can provide info on life course experience of individual
4) can provide info on socio-economic status (poor health)
5) given 3+4 = leads to positive identification
What can past patterns of trauma tell us about the individual? - ANSWER - past
patterns of trauma = occupation, social economic status, work-related injuries
- osteoarthritis: degenerative joint disease
- skeletal manifestations:
1) lipping of joint surfaces (osteophytes)
2) porosity of joint surface
3) eburnation (due to bone on bone contact), polishing of joint surface
What can diet and health conditions tell us? - ANSWER - diet and health conditions:
generalized stress and likely socio-economic status of decedent
- Linear Enamel Hypopiasias
- Harris Lines
- Anemia
- lack of iron
- parasites
- scurvy, rickets
, What can congenital disease malformations tell us? - ANSWER - congenital disease
malformations - ID and individuation
- congenital diseases: diseases you are born with that can be linked using medical
records
- craniosynostosis: premature closure of one or more cranial sutures
* scaphocephaly: premature closure of sagittal suture
- spina bifida: results from fusions that should happen but don't --> spinal cord exposed
because bone that should make complete ring doesn't fuse
What can infectious diseases tell us? - ANSWER - health and medical history
- tuberculosis
- leprosy
- treponema infections
- facial gangosa
What can neoplasms tell us? - ANSWER - a new or abnormal growth on the body
- ameloblasts - cells that create enamel, do not secrete at a constant rate when
stressed
What can rare bone diseases tell us? - ANSWER - geographic origin
- coccidioidomycosis "valley fever"
* caused by inhalation of fugal spores found in soil
* bone changes are rare but similar to tuberculosis
* enflamed and balloon like bone
know three ways pathology affects bone and the terms:
- lytic
- osteoclastic
- osteoblastic - ANSWER 1) Excess osteoclastic activity produces lytic lesions
2) excess osteoblastic activity produces proliferative lesions
3) abnormalities of shape produced by both processes
- small lytic lesion, resorptive foci
- maxillary sinusitis = proliferative
anemia - ANSWER caused by iron deficiencies due to poor diet, parasitic infection,
heart disease, and specific ailments such as sickle cell anemia
* they leave bone with a pitted, coral-like appearance or with a pinpricked look
cribra orbitalia - ANSWER A symptom of iron deficiency anemia in which the bone of
the upper eye sockets takes on a spongy appearance.
porotic hyperostosis - ANSWER A symptom of iron deficiency anemia in which the skull
takes on a porous appearance.
linear enamel hypoplasia - ANSWER - teeth do not grow after they are done forming
With Complete Solutions
What is positive identification and individuation? - ANSWER - final phases of forensic
analysis
- identify with high probability the exact identification of the individual
- begin with information on sex, age, stature, and ancestry
- add to this other info from skeleton
What is pathology? - ANSWER the study of ancient disease in skeletal remains
How is pathology useful to forensic anthropologists? - ANSWER 1) Can be confused
with perimortem trauma (fusion defects)
2) Can be confused with postmortem taphonomic alterations
3) can provide info on life course experience of individual
4) can provide info on socio-economic status (poor health)
5) given 3+4 = leads to positive identification
What can past patterns of trauma tell us about the individual? - ANSWER - past
patterns of trauma = occupation, social economic status, work-related injuries
- osteoarthritis: degenerative joint disease
- skeletal manifestations:
1) lipping of joint surfaces (osteophytes)
2) porosity of joint surface
3) eburnation (due to bone on bone contact), polishing of joint surface
What can diet and health conditions tell us? - ANSWER - diet and health conditions:
generalized stress and likely socio-economic status of decedent
- Linear Enamel Hypopiasias
- Harris Lines
- Anemia
- lack of iron
- parasites
- scurvy, rickets
, What can congenital disease malformations tell us? - ANSWER - congenital disease
malformations - ID and individuation
- congenital diseases: diseases you are born with that can be linked using medical
records
- craniosynostosis: premature closure of one or more cranial sutures
* scaphocephaly: premature closure of sagittal suture
- spina bifida: results from fusions that should happen but don't --> spinal cord exposed
because bone that should make complete ring doesn't fuse
What can infectious diseases tell us? - ANSWER - health and medical history
- tuberculosis
- leprosy
- treponema infections
- facial gangosa
What can neoplasms tell us? - ANSWER - a new or abnormal growth on the body
- ameloblasts - cells that create enamel, do not secrete at a constant rate when
stressed
What can rare bone diseases tell us? - ANSWER - geographic origin
- coccidioidomycosis "valley fever"
* caused by inhalation of fugal spores found in soil
* bone changes are rare but similar to tuberculosis
* enflamed and balloon like bone
know three ways pathology affects bone and the terms:
- lytic
- osteoclastic
- osteoblastic - ANSWER 1) Excess osteoclastic activity produces lytic lesions
2) excess osteoblastic activity produces proliferative lesions
3) abnormalities of shape produced by both processes
- small lytic lesion, resorptive foci
- maxillary sinusitis = proliferative
anemia - ANSWER caused by iron deficiencies due to poor diet, parasitic infection,
heart disease, and specific ailments such as sickle cell anemia
* they leave bone with a pitted, coral-like appearance or with a pinpricked look
cribra orbitalia - ANSWER A symptom of iron deficiency anemia in which the bone of
the upper eye sockets takes on a spongy appearance.
porotic hyperostosis - ANSWER A symptom of iron deficiency anemia in which the skull
takes on a porous appearance.
linear enamel hypoplasia - ANSWER - teeth do not grow after they are done forming
