NSG 300 Final Exam V1 | NSG 300 Foundations of
Nursing | Actual Q&A with Rationale (NSG300 Final
Exam) | Grand Canyon University
1. Which of the following are recognized phases of the nursing process? (Select All That
Apply)
A. Assessment
B. Diagnosis
C. Medical Prognosis
D. Implementation
E. Evaluation
Correct Answer: A, B, D, E
Explanation: The nursing process is a systematic, patient-centered method of providing
care that includes five distinct phases. These phases are Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning,
Implementation, and Evaluation (ADPIE). Medical prognosis is a function of the physician
or provider rather than a specific step in the nursing process framework.
2. When a nurse ensures that a patient has all the necessary information to make an
informed decision about their treatment, which ethical principle is being upheld?
A. Autonomy
B. Justice
,C. Beneficence
D. Nonmaleficence
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Autonomy refers to the right of patients to make their own decisions about
their medical care. By providing comprehensive information, the nurse supports the
patient’s self-determination and agency. This principle is a cornerstone of modern nursing
ethics and patient-centered care models.
3. According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, which of the following patient needs must be
addressed first by the nurse?
A. Self-actualization through spiritual growth
B. Safety and security from falls
C. Love and belonging from family visits
D. Physiological needs like oxygen and water
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Maslow’s hierarchy dictates that basic physiological needs are the foundation
of all human requirements. Without addressing oxygenation, hydration, and nutrition,
higher-level needs like safety or belonging cannot be effectively met. The nurse must
prioritize these life-sustaining factors during the assessment and planning phases of care.
, 4. A nurse is measuring a patient’s blood pressure and finds it to be significantly higher than
previous readings. What should be the nurse’s first action?
A. Administer an immediate dose of antihypertensive medication
B. Recheck the blood pressure using a different arm or manual cuff
C. Document the finding and notify the physician immediately
D. Tell the patient to stop exercising immediately
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Validation of data is a critical step in the nursing process to ensure accuracy.
Equipment failure, improper cuff size, or patient positioning can result in false readings.
Rechecking the measurement allows the nurse to confirm the finding before initiating
further medical or nursing interventions.
5. A nurse is preparing to care for a patient diagnosed with influenza. Which personal
protective equipment (PPE) should the nurse ensure is available? (Select All That Apply)
A. Gloves
B. N95 respirator
C. Surgical mask
D. Goggles or face shield
E. Shoe covers
F. Gown
Nursing | Actual Q&A with Rationale (NSG300 Final
Exam) | Grand Canyon University
1. Which of the following are recognized phases of the nursing process? (Select All That
Apply)
A. Assessment
B. Diagnosis
C. Medical Prognosis
D. Implementation
E. Evaluation
Correct Answer: A, B, D, E
Explanation: The nursing process is a systematic, patient-centered method of providing
care that includes five distinct phases. These phases are Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning,
Implementation, and Evaluation (ADPIE). Medical prognosis is a function of the physician
or provider rather than a specific step in the nursing process framework.
2. When a nurse ensures that a patient has all the necessary information to make an
informed decision about their treatment, which ethical principle is being upheld?
A. Autonomy
B. Justice
,C. Beneficence
D. Nonmaleficence
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Autonomy refers to the right of patients to make their own decisions about
their medical care. By providing comprehensive information, the nurse supports the
patient’s self-determination and agency. This principle is a cornerstone of modern nursing
ethics and patient-centered care models.
3. According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, which of the following patient needs must be
addressed first by the nurse?
A. Self-actualization through spiritual growth
B. Safety and security from falls
C. Love and belonging from family visits
D. Physiological needs like oxygen and water
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Maslow’s hierarchy dictates that basic physiological needs are the foundation
of all human requirements. Without addressing oxygenation, hydration, and nutrition,
higher-level needs like safety or belonging cannot be effectively met. The nurse must
prioritize these life-sustaining factors during the assessment and planning phases of care.
, 4. A nurse is measuring a patient’s blood pressure and finds it to be significantly higher than
previous readings. What should be the nurse’s first action?
A. Administer an immediate dose of antihypertensive medication
B. Recheck the blood pressure using a different arm or manual cuff
C. Document the finding and notify the physician immediately
D. Tell the patient to stop exercising immediately
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Validation of data is a critical step in the nursing process to ensure accuracy.
Equipment failure, improper cuff size, or patient positioning can result in false readings.
Rechecking the measurement allows the nurse to confirm the finding before initiating
further medical or nursing interventions.
5. A nurse is preparing to care for a patient diagnosed with influenza. Which personal
protective equipment (PPE) should the nurse ensure is available? (Select All That Apply)
A. Gloves
B. N95 respirator
C. Surgical mask
D. Goggles or face shield
E. Shoe covers
F. Gown
