NSG 300 Exam 1 V1 | NSG 300 Foundations of
Nursing | Actual Q&A with Rationale (NSG300
Exam 1) | Grand Canyon University
1. A nurse is implementing Florence Nightingale’s theory in a clinical setting. Which
environmental factors would the nurse prioritize for a patient’s recovery? (Select All That
Apply)
A. Access to fresh air and adequate ventilation.
B. Use of pharmacological sedation for rest.
C. Provision of clean water and sanitation.
D. Frequent monitoring of light levels in the room.
E. Effective drainage and cleanliness.
F. Regular spiritual counseling sessions.
Correct Answer: A, C, D, E
Explanation: Nightingale’s Environmental Theory emphasizes five essential components
of environmental health: pure air, pure water, efficient drainage, cleanliness, and light. She
believed that the nurse’s primary role was to manipulate the environment to facilitate the
body’s natural healing processes. Pharmacological sedation and spiritual counseling were
not core tenets of her environmental focus.
,2. Using Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, which patient should the nurse address first?
A. A patient reporting sharp, localized chest pain and difficulty breathing.
B. A patient expressing loneliness due to restricted visiting hours.
C. A patient asking for information regarding their new medication.
D. A patient who is concerned about their job security while hospitalized.
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Maslow’s hierarchy prioritizes physiological needs, such as oxygenation and
pain relief, above safety, love, or self-esteem. The patient with chest pain and breathing
difficulty represents a critical physiological instability that requires immediate
intervention. Safety, social, and educational needs are addressed only after physiological
stability is achieved.
3. A nurse is caring for a patient who is at risk for developing an infection. Which of the
following are considered ‘links’ in the chain of infection? (Select All That Apply)
A. Infectious agent
B. Reservoir
C. Portal of exit
D. Mode of transmission
E. Portal of entry
F. Susceptible host
,Correct Answer: A, B, C, D, E, F
Explanation: The chain of infection consists of six links: the infectious agent, the reservoir,
the portal of exit, the mode of transmission, the portal of entry, and the susceptible host.
For an infection to occur, each link must be present and connected in order. Nursing
interventions are often focused on breaking one or more of these links to prevent the
spread of disease.
4. A patient is scheduled for a routine physical exam and states, ‘I exercise daily and eat a
balanced diet to prevent heart disease.’ Which level of prevention is this patient
demonstrating?
A. Secondary Prevention
B. Primary Prevention
C. Tertiary Prevention
D. Quaternary Prevention
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Primary prevention focuses on health promotion and protection against
specific health problems before they occur. Activities like exercise and balanced dieting are
designed to prevent the onset of conditions like heart disease. Secondary prevention
involves early detection and screening, while tertiary prevention focuses on rehabilitation
and management of established disease.
, 5. During the assessment phase of the nursing process, the nurse collects subjective data.
Which of the following is an example of subjective data?
A. Blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg.
B. The patient stating, ‘I feel nauseated when I sit up.’
C. Oxygen saturation of 92% on room air.
D. A red rash observed on the patient’s abdomen.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Subjective data are the patient’s perceptions, feelings, or descriptions that
cannot be directly measured by the nurse. The patient’s statement regarding nausea is a
personal sensation only the patient can feel. Objective data, such as blood pressure, oxygen
saturation, and observed rashes, are measurable or observable findings.
6. The nurse is preparing to administer medication and uses the ‘Five Rights’ of medication
administration. Which of the following are included in the five rights? (Select All That Apply)
A. Right Patient
B. Right Medication
C. Right Dose
D. Right Route
E. Right Time
F. Right Insurance
Nursing | Actual Q&A with Rationale (NSG300
Exam 1) | Grand Canyon University
1. A nurse is implementing Florence Nightingale’s theory in a clinical setting. Which
environmental factors would the nurse prioritize for a patient’s recovery? (Select All That
Apply)
A. Access to fresh air and adequate ventilation.
B. Use of pharmacological sedation for rest.
C. Provision of clean water and sanitation.
D. Frequent monitoring of light levels in the room.
E. Effective drainage and cleanliness.
F. Regular spiritual counseling sessions.
Correct Answer: A, C, D, E
Explanation: Nightingale’s Environmental Theory emphasizes five essential components
of environmental health: pure air, pure water, efficient drainage, cleanliness, and light. She
believed that the nurse’s primary role was to manipulate the environment to facilitate the
body’s natural healing processes. Pharmacological sedation and spiritual counseling were
not core tenets of her environmental focus.
,2. Using Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, which patient should the nurse address first?
A. A patient reporting sharp, localized chest pain and difficulty breathing.
B. A patient expressing loneliness due to restricted visiting hours.
C. A patient asking for information regarding their new medication.
D. A patient who is concerned about their job security while hospitalized.
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Maslow’s hierarchy prioritizes physiological needs, such as oxygenation and
pain relief, above safety, love, or self-esteem. The patient with chest pain and breathing
difficulty represents a critical physiological instability that requires immediate
intervention. Safety, social, and educational needs are addressed only after physiological
stability is achieved.
3. A nurse is caring for a patient who is at risk for developing an infection. Which of the
following are considered ‘links’ in the chain of infection? (Select All That Apply)
A. Infectious agent
B. Reservoir
C. Portal of exit
D. Mode of transmission
E. Portal of entry
F. Susceptible host
,Correct Answer: A, B, C, D, E, F
Explanation: The chain of infection consists of six links: the infectious agent, the reservoir,
the portal of exit, the mode of transmission, the portal of entry, and the susceptible host.
For an infection to occur, each link must be present and connected in order. Nursing
interventions are often focused on breaking one or more of these links to prevent the
spread of disease.
4. A patient is scheduled for a routine physical exam and states, ‘I exercise daily and eat a
balanced diet to prevent heart disease.’ Which level of prevention is this patient
demonstrating?
A. Secondary Prevention
B. Primary Prevention
C. Tertiary Prevention
D. Quaternary Prevention
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Primary prevention focuses on health promotion and protection against
specific health problems before they occur. Activities like exercise and balanced dieting are
designed to prevent the onset of conditions like heart disease. Secondary prevention
involves early detection and screening, while tertiary prevention focuses on rehabilitation
and management of established disease.
, 5. During the assessment phase of the nursing process, the nurse collects subjective data.
Which of the following is an example of subjective data?
A. Blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg.
B. The patient stating, ‘I feel nauseated when I sit up.’
C. Oxygen saturation of 92% on room air.
D. A red rash observed on the patient’s abdomen.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Subjective data are the patient’s perceptions, feelings, or descriptions that
cannot be directly measured by the nurse. The patient’s statement regarding nausea is a
personal sensation only the patient can feel. Objective data, such as blood pressure, oxygen
saturation, and observed rashes, are measurable or observable findings.
6. The nurse is preparing to administer medication and uses the ‘Five Rights’ of medication
administration. Which of the following are included in the five rights? (Select All That Apply)
A. Right Patient
B. Right Medication
C. Right Dose
D. Right Route
E. Right Time
F. Right Insurance
