BLOOD BANK EXAM 1 UPDATED EXAM SCRIPT
WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS
◉ What cells are primarily involved in humoral immunity?
Answer: B cells.
◉ What is the main function of antibodies in humoral immunity?
Answer: To bind to antigens and cause their destruction.
◉ What immunoglobulin class is primarily involved in the primary
humoral immune response?
Answer: IgM.
◉ What immunoglobulin class is primarily involved in the secondary
humoral immune response?
Answer: IgG.
◉ How does zeta potential affect RBC agglutination?
Answer: It influences the repulsion or attraction between RBCs,
affecting their ability to agglutinate.
◉ What is the role of complement in the immune response?
,Answer: It lyses antibody-coated cells and mediates opsonization for
phagocytosis.
◉ What is the difference between alloantibody and autoantibody?
Answer: Alloantibodies are directed against foreign antigens, while
autoantibodies target the body's own tissues.
◉ What are the characteristics of antigens?
Answer: Size, shape, and charge.
◉ What is the primary goal of blood banking?
Answer: To study blood group antigens and antibodies for safe
transfusions.
◉ What is the significance of immunoglobulin class in blood bank
testing?
Answer: It helps determine the compatibility of transfused blood
and the immune response.
◉ What can cause intravascular hemolysis?
Answer: Destruction of cell membranes by complement due to
incompatible blood transfusion.
,◉ What is the consequence of intravascular hemolysis?
Answer: Immediate problems, including kidney damage from RBC
fragments.
◉ What is the role of CD4 helper T cells?
Answer: They assist in transforming B cells into plasma cells.
◉ What is the function of CD8 suppressor T cells?
Answer: They suppress antibody formation to autoantigens.
◉ What happens during cellular immunity?
Answer: Direct interaction of T lymphocytes with foreign cells
occurs, producing cytokines and chemokines.
◉ What is the main purpose of a blood transfusion?
Answer: To supplement what the patient is lacking, such as oxygen
or volume.
◉ What is the role of macrophages in humoral immunity?
Answer: They ingest and process foreign antigens to stimulate B cell
transformation.
◉ What is the effect of temperature on antigen-antibody reactions?
, Answer: It can influence the rate and effectiveness of agglutination
or hemolysis.
◉ What is the importance of understanding the immune system in
blood banking?
Answer: It helps resolve or prevent testing problems related to
agglutination reactions.
◉ What are the components of blood that may be transfused?
Answer: Red blood cells, clotting factors, platelets, and plasma.
◉ What is the primary function of IgG immunoglobulins?
Answer: To provide long-term immunity and can cross the placenta.
◉ What are the effects of centrifugation on antigen-antibody
reactions?
Answer: It can enhance the agglutination process by bringing cells
and antibodies closer together.
◉ What are substances capable of inducing a specific immune
response called?
Answer: Antigens
WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS
◉ What cells are primarily involved in humoral immunity?
Answer: B cells.
◉ What is the main function of antibodies in humoral immunity?
Answer: To bind to antigens and cause their destruction.
◉ What immunoglobulin class is primarily involved in the primary
humoral immune response?
Answer: IgM.
◉ What immunoglobulin class is primarily involved in the secondary
humoral immune response?
Answer: IgG.
◉ How does zeta potential affect RBC agglutination?
Answer: It influences the repulsion or attraction between RBCs,
affecting their ability to agglutinate.
◉ What is the role of complement in the immune response?
,Answer: It lyses antibody-coated cells and mediates opsonization for
phagocytosis.
◉ What is the difference between alloantibody and autoantibody?
Answer: Alloantibodies are directed against foreign antigens, while
autoantibodies target the body's own tissues.
◉ What are the characteristics of antigens?
Answer: Size, shape, and charge.
◉ What is the primary goal of blood banking?
Answer: To study blood group antigens and antibodies for safe
transfusions.
◉ What is the significance of immunoglobulin class in blood bank
testing?
Answer: It helps determine the compatibility of transfused blood
and the immune response.
◉ What can cause intravascular hemolysis?
Answer: Destruction of cell membranes by complement due to
incompatible blood transfusion.
,◉ What is the consequence of intravascular hemolysis?
Answer: Immediate problems, including kidney damage from RBC
fragments.
◉ What is the role of CD4 helper T cells?
Answer: They assist in transforming B cells into plasma cells.
◉ What is the function of CD8 suppressor T cells?
Answer: They suppress antibody formation to autoantigens.
◉ What happens during cellular immunity?
Answer: Direct interaction of T lymphocytes with foreign cells
occurs, producing cytokines and chemokines.
◉ What is the main purpose of a blood transfusion?
Answer: To supplement what the patient is lacking, such as oxygen
or volume.
◉ What is the role of macrophages in humoral immunity?
Answer: They ingest and process foreign antigens to stimulate B cell
transformation.
◉ What is the effect of temperature on antigen-antibody reactions?
, Answer: It can influence the rate and effectiveness of agglutination
or hemolysis.
◉ What is the importance of understanding the immune system in
blood banking?
Answer: It helps resolve or prevent testing problems related to
agglutination reactions.
◉ What are the components of blood that may be transfused?
Answer: Red blood cells, clotting factors, platelets, and plasma.
◉ What is the primary function of IgG immunoglobulins?
Answer: To provide long-term immunity and can cross the placenta.
◉ What are the effects of centrifugation on antigen-antibody
reactions?
Answer: It can enhance the agglutination process by bringing cells
and antibodies closer together.
◉ What are substances capable of inducing a specific immune
response called?
Answer: Antigens
