BIOD 331 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MODULE 8
EXAM STUDY GUIDE WITH SOLVED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◉ what 2 components is consciousness broken down into?
Answer: arousal
content and cognition
◉ what is arousal maintained by?
Answer: RAS system (reticular activating system)
◉ what does the RAS system include?
Answer: brainstem, thalamus, functioning cerebral cortex
◉ any loss of arousal indicated either direct injury to the ___ or to
____ _______ __________
Answer: RAS, both cerebral hemispheres
◉ what cognitive functions are included in the content and cognition
state?
Answer: awareness of self and environment, moods, reasoning,
judgement
,◉ what 3 things are involved in awareness?
Answer: 1. selective attention
2. memory
3. executive attention
◉ what can the levels of consciousness range from?
Answer: Colin Stabs Old Dentist Crazily
Coma
stupor
obtundation
delirium
confusion
◉ coma is?
Answer: completely not arousable
◉ stupor is?
Answer: arousable only to pain
◉ obtundation is?
, Answer: low level of arousal, sleepy
◉ delirium is?
Answer: restlessness, hallucination, delusions
◉ confusion is?
Answer: disorientation, fuzzy thinking, poor stimuli response
◉ how can consciousness be assessed?
Answer: Glasgow coma scale
◉ explain the Glasgow coma scale:
Answer: numbered scores are given to responses of eye opening,
verbal responses, and motor responses. total score indicates LOC.
◉ what is 15?
Answer: normal
◉ what is 13-14
Answer: mild head injury
◉ what is 8-12
EXAM STUDY GUIDE WITH SOLVED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◉ what 2 components is consciousness broken down into?
Answer: arousal
content and cognition
◉ what is arousal maintained by?
Answer: RAS system (reticular activating system)
◉ what does the RAS system include?
Answer: brainstem, thalamus, functioning cerebral cortex
◉ any loss of arousal indicated either direct injury to the ___ or to
____ _______ __________
Answer: RAS, both cerebral hemispheres
◉ what cognitive functions are included in the content and cognition
state?
Answer: awareness of self and environment, moods, reasoning,
judgement
,◉ what 3 things are involved in awareness?
Answer: 1. selective attention
2. memory
3. executive attention
◉ what can the levels of consciousness range from?
Answer: Colin Stabs Old Dentist Crazily
Coma
stupor
obtundation
delirium
confusion
◉ coma is?
Answer: completely not arousable
◉ stupor is?
Answer: arousable only to pain
◉ obtundation is?
, Answer: low level of arousal, sleepy
◉ delirium is?
Answer: restlessness, hallucination, delusions
◉ confusion is?
Answer: disorientation, fuzzy thinking, poor stimuli response
◉ how can consciousness be assessed?
Answer: Glasgow coma scale
◉ explain the Glasgow coma scale:
Answer: numbered scores are given to responses of eye opening,
verbal responses, and motor responses. total score indicates LOC.
◉ what is 15?
Answer: normal
◉ what is 13-14
Answer: mild head injury
◉ what is 8-12
