BIOS-251 Exam 2 Review
Anatomy and Physiology I with Lab course Materials
Questions and Answers
Cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same number of
chromosomes - ANSWER-Mitosis
The resting phase of mitosis. Cell grows, performs its normal functions, and
prepares for division; consists of G1, S, and G2 phases - ANSWER-Interphase
Cells that have left the cycle and cease dividing for a long time (or permanently) -
ANSWER-G Zero (G0) Phase
The first gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of
interphase before DNA synthesis begins. - ANSWER-G1 Phase
The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is
replicated. - ANSWER-S Phase
The second gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of
interphase after DNA synthesis occurs.
Growth and preparation for mitosis - ANSWER-G2 Phase
First and longest phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes become visible
and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the
nucleus - ANSWER-Prophase
Second phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes line up across the center
of the cell - ANSWER-Metaphase
The third phase of mitosis, during which the chromosome pairs separate and move
toward opposite poles - ANSWER-Anaphase
The final phase of cell division, between anaphase and interphase, in which the
chromatids or chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei are
formed. - ANSWER-Telophase
Division of the cytoplasm during cell division - ANSWER-Cytokinesis
Cell division that produces reproductive cells (gametes) in sexually reproducing
organisms - ANSWER-Meiosis
Compare and Contrast Mitosis and Meiosis - ANSWER-Mitosis produces two diploid
(2n) somatic cells that are genetically identical to each other and the original parent
cell, whereas meiosis produces four haploid (n) gametes that are genetically unique
, from each other and the original parent (germ) cell.
Number of Chromosomes in Humans... - ANSWER-46
Haploid Number of Chromosomes In Humans - ANSWER-23
Control center of the cell; a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and
responsible for growth and reproduction - ANSWER-Nucleus
Processes and transports proteins made at attached ribosomes; synthesizes
phospholipids - ANSWER-Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
Fatty acid and steroid synthesis; detoxifies toxic substances - ANSWER-Smooth
Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)
A cell organelle that helps make and package materials to be transported out of the
cell - ANSWER-Golgi Complex
Cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell
- ANSWER-Lysosomes
Produce hydrogen peroxide, detoxifies harmful substances, oxidizes fatty acids, and
protects cell from free radicals - ANSWER-Peroxisomes
- Hollow, cylindrical organelle that disposes of unnecessary and damaged proteins
- Contain enzymes that break down tagged, targeted proteins into short peptides
and amino acids - ANSWER-Proteasomes
- Located near the nucleus and help to organize cell division
- Form mitotic spindle during mitosis - ANSWER-Centrioles
A structure in cells containing two centrioles from which the spindle fibers develop
and organized - ANSWER-Centrosome
Point of growth for cilium or flagellum - ANSWER-Basal Body
Cell component responsible for energy production; powerhouse of the cell -
ANSWER-Mitochondria
Organelle responsible for protein synthesis - ANSWER-Ribosomes
Network of protein filaments that aid in intracellular support, cell movement, and
moves organelles. - ANSWER-Cytoskeleton
The basic unit of structure and function in all living things.
Composed of plasma (cell membrane), cytoplasm, cytosol, nucleus, and
cytoskeleton - ANSWER-Cells
Anatomy and Physiology I with Lab course Materials
Questions and Answers
Cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same number of
chromosomes - ANSWER-Mitosis
The resting phase of mitosis. Cell grows, performs its normal functions, and
prepares for division; consists of G1, S, and G2 phases - ANSWER-Interphase
Cells that have left the cycle and cease dividing for a long time (or permanently) -
ANSWER-G Zero (G0) Phase
The first gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of
interphase before DNA synthesis begins. - ANSWER-G1 Phase
The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is
replicated. - ANSWER-S Phase
The second gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of
interphase after DNA synthesis occurs.
Growth and preparation for mitosis - ANSWER-G2 Phase
First and longest phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes become visible
and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the
nucleus - ANSWER-Prophase
Second phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes line up across the center
of the cell - ANSWER-Metaphase
The third phase of mitosis, during which the chromosome pairs separate and move
toward opposite poles - ANSWER-Anaphase
The final phase of cell division, between anaphase and interphase, in which the
chromatids or chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei are
formed. - ANSWER-Telophase
Division of the cytoplasm during cell division - ANSWER-Cytokinesis
Cell division that produces reproductive cells (gametes) in sexually reproducing
organisms - ANSWER-Meiosis
Compare and Contrast Mitosis and Meiosis - ANSWER-Mitosis produces two diploid
(2n) somatic cells that are genetically identical to each other and the original parent
cell, whereas meiosis produces four haploid (n) gametes that are genetically unique
, from each other and the original parent (germ) cell.
Number of Chromosomes in Humans... - ANSWER-46
Haploid Number of Chromosomes In Humans - ANSWER-23
Control center of the cell; a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and
responsible for growth and reproduction - ANSWER-Nucleus
Processes and transports proteins made at attached ribosomes; synthesizes
phospholipids - ANSWER-Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
Fatty acid and steroid synthesis; detoxifies toxic substances - ANSWER-Smooth
Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)
A cell organelle that helps make and package materials to be transported out of the
cell - ANSWER-Golgi Complex
Cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell
- ANSWER-Lysosomes
Produce hydrogen peroxide, detoxifies harmful substances, oxidizes fatty acids, and
protects cell from free radicals - ANSWER-Peroxisomes
- Hollow, cylindrical organelle that disposes of unnecessary and damaged proteins
- Contain enzymes that break down tagged, targeted proteins into short peptides
and amino acids - ANSWER-Proteasomes
- Located near the nucleus and help to organize cell division
- Form mitotic spindle during mitosis - ANSWER-Centrioles
A structure in cells containing two centrioles from which the spindle fibers develop
and organized - ANSWER-Centrosome
Point of growth for cilium or flagellum - ANSWER-Basal Body
Cell component responsible for energy production; powerhouse of the cell -
ANSWER-Mitochondria
Organelle responsible for protein synthesis - ANSWER-Ribosomes
Network of protein filaments that aid in intracellular support, cell movement, and
moves organelles. - ANSWER-Cytoskeleton
The basic unit of structure and function in all living things.
Composed of plasma (cell membrane), cytoplasm, cytosol, nucleus, and
cytoskeleton - ANSWER-Cells
