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OpenStax Clinical Nursing Skills Instructor Answer Guide
OpenStax Clinical Nursing Skills Instructor
Answer Guide
Chapter 1: The Role of the Nurse in Comprehensive Care ............................................................. 3
Chapter 2: The Evolution of the Nurse’s Role................................................................................. 9
Chapter 3: Patient Communication and Interviewing .................................................................. 15
Chapter 4: Obtaining a Complete Health History ......................................................................... 20
Chapter 5: Cultural Competence and Assessment ....................................................................... 25
Chapter 6: Infection Prevention Techniques and Safety in Clinical Setting ................................. 32
Chapter 7: Hygiene ....................................................................................................................... 38
Chapter 8: Wound and Burn Assessment Care............................................................................. 44
Chapter 9: Activity Assessment and Management ....................................................................... 50
Chapter 10: Specimen Collection and Lab Testing ....................................................................... 57
Chapter 11: Principles of Medication Administration .................................................................. 66
Chapter 12: Medication Administration Procedures .................................................................... 73
Chapter 13: Intravenous Administration ...................................................................................... 83
Chapter 14: Miscellaneous Medication Administration ............................................................... 90
Chapter 15: General Survey, Anthropometric Measurement, and Vital Signs............................. 97
Chapter 16: Pain Assessment ..................................................................................................... 103
Chapter 17: Nutrition Assessment .............................................................................................. 110
Chapter 18: Oxygenation and Perfusion ..................................................................................... 116
Chapter 19: Fluids, Electrolytes, and Elimination ....................................................................... 122
Chapter 20: Psychosocial Assessment ........................................................................................ 128
Chapter 21: Assessment of the Integumentary System ............................................................. 136
Chapter 22: Assessment of the Head and Neck ......................................................................... 140
Chapter 23: Assessment of the Thorax, Lungs, Breast, and Lymphatic System ......................... 148
Chapter 24: Assessment of the Cardiovascular and Peripheral Vascular System ...................... 153
Chapter 25: Assessment of the Musculoskeletal System ........................................................... 160
Chapter 26: Assessment of the Neurological System ................................................................. 165
Chapter 27: Assessment of the Abdomen .................................................................................. 170
Chapter 28: Clinical Judgment and Critical Thinking .................................................................. 176
2
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OpenStax Clinical Nursing Skills Instructor Answer Guide
Chapter 1: The Role of the Nurse in Comprehensive Care
Review Questions
1. Florence Nightingale is considered the founder of ____________, which emphasizes the
healing of the whole person, including mind, body, and soul.
a. caring nursing
b. the seven ethical principles of nursing
c. holistic nursing
d. systems nursing
[Answer: C]
2. The ethical principle defined as “acting in the best interest of patients and promoting their
well-being” is known as
a. fidelity
b. beneficence
c. justice
d. nonmaleficence
[Answer: B]
3. The nurse’s ability to develop and implement appropriate actions or interventions based on
the interpretation of the collected data and identified patient needs is the ___________
step of the clinical judgment model.
a. noticing
b. interpreting
c. responding
d. reflecting
[Answer: C]
4. When a nurse takes a role centered around empowering individuals, families, and
communities to take control of their well-being and make positive choices, this is known as
___________.
a. care planning
b. health promotion
c. role modeling
d. community nursing
[Answer: B]
5. What is the purpose of integrating interdisciplinary theories with nursing theory and
practice?
a. to break down current nursing theories and dictate the formation of future nursing
theory
b. to assist in the development of nursing models and frameworks that guide the delivery
of patient care, and help nurses understand and work better with the interdisciplinary
team
c. to discourage overreliance on nursing theory alone
3
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OpenStax Clinical Nursing Skills Instructor Answer Guide
d. to encourage other disciplines to learn about nursing theory and integrate it into their
practice
[Answer: B]
6. What is the importance of the evolution of nursing to include evidence-based practice
(EBP)?
a. The emergence of EBP has contributed to the scientific quality of nursing practice. It
integrates research findings into nursing practice, ensuring that decisions are based on
the best available evidence.
b. EBP provides a scientific foundation for informed nursing practice and discourages the
use of other, nonscientific issues such as cultural differences and patient preference in
nursing practice.
c. EBP ensures that nursing practice remains based in tradition and is not adaptable to
changes in current scientific recommendations.
d. EBP provides suggestions to nurses on improving patient care, but the nurse is still able
to reject EBP in clinical practice if they disagree with it.
[Answer: A]
7. In the hierarchy of EBP, the strongest sources of evidence at the top of the hierarchy are
a. randomized controlled trials (RCTs)
b. one-on-one patient interviews
c. case studies
d. systematic reviews and meta-analyses
[Answer: D]
8. What type of nursing theories focus on describing and understanding the lived experiences
of individuals in the context of health care?
a. descriptive
b. hierarchical
c. prescriptive
d. systems
[Answer: A]
9. Identifying potential patient concerns is a step in what part of the nursing process?
a. assessment
b. diagnosis
c. implementation
d. evaluation
[Answer: B]
10. What phase focuses on determining the effectiveness of the nursing interventions and the
progress made toward achieving the established goals?
a. assessment
b. planning
c. intervention
d. evaluation
[Answer: D]
4
For more free, peer-reviewed, openly licensed resources visit OpenStax.org.
9/23/2026
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OpenStax Clinical Nursing Skills Instructor Answer Guide
OpenStax Clinical Nursing Skills Instructor
Answer Guide
Chapter 1: The Role of the Nurse in Comprehensive Care ............................................................. 3
Chapter 2: The Evolution of the Nurse’s Role................................................................................. 9
Chapter 3: Patient Communication and Interviewing .................................................................. 15
Chapter 4: Obtaining a Complete Health History ......................................................................... 20
Chapter 5: Cultural Competence and Assessment ....................................................................... 25
Chapter 6: Infection Prevention Techniques and Safety in Clinical Setting ................................. 32
Chapter 7: Hygiene ....................................................................................................................... 38
Chapter 8: Wound and Burn Assessment Care............................................................................. 44
Chapter 9: Activity Assessment and Management ....................................................................... 50
Chapter 10: Specimen Collection and Lab Testing ....................................................................... 57
Chapter 11: Principles of Medication Administration .................................................................. 66
Chapter 12: Medication Administration Procedures .................................................................... 73
Chapter 13: Intravenous Administration ...................................................................................... 83
Chapter 14: Miscellaneous Medication Administration ............................................................... 90
Chapter 15: General Survey, Anthropometric Measurement, and Vital Signs............................. 97
Chapter 16: Pain Assessment ..................................................................................................... 103
Chapter 17: Nutrition Assessment .............................................................................................. 110
Chapter 18: Oxygenation and Perfusion ..................................................................................... 116
Chapter 19: Fluids, Electrolytes, and Elimination ....................................................................... 122
Chapter 20: Psychosocial Assessment ........................................................................................ 128
Chapter 21: Assessment of the Integumentary System ............................................................. 136
Chapter 22: Assessment of the Head and Neck ......................................................................... 140
Chapter 23: Assessment of the Thorax, Lungs, Breast, and Lymphatic System ......................... 148
Chapter 24: Assessment of the Cardiovascular and Peripheral Vascular System ...................... 153
Chapter 25: Assessment of the Musculoskeletal System ........................................................... 160
Chapter 26: Assessment of the Neurological System ................................................................. 165
Chapter 27: Assessment of the Abdomen .................................................................................. 170
Chapter 28: Clinical Judgment and Critical Thinking .................................................................. 176
2
For more free, peer-reviewed, openly licensed resources visit OpenStax.org.
9/23/2026
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OpenStax Clinical Nursing Skills Instructor Answer Guide
Chapter 1: The Role of the Nurse in Comprehensive Care
Review Questions
1. Florence Nightingale is considered the founder of ____________, which emphasizes the
healing of the whole person, including mind, body, and soul.
a. caring nursing
b. the seven ethical principles of nursing
c. holistic nursing
d. systems nursing
[Answer: C]
2. The ethical principle defined as “acting in the best interest of patients and promoting their
well-being” is known as
a. fidelity
b. beneficence
c. justice
d. nonmaleficence
[Answer: B]
3. The nurse’s ability to develop and implement appropriate actions or interventions based on
the interpretation of the collected data and identified patient needs is the ___________
step of the clinical judgment model.
a. noticing
b. interpreting
c. responding
d. reflecting
[Answer: C]
4. When a nurse takes a role centered around empowering individuals, families, and
communities to take control of their well-being and make positive choices, this is known as
___________.
a. care planning
b. health promotion
c. role modeling
d. community nursing
[Answer: B]
5. What is the purpose of integrating interdisciplinary theories with nursing theory and
practice?
a. to break down current nursing theories and dictate the formation of future nursing
theory
b. to assist in the development of nursing models and frameworks that guide the delivery
of patient care, and help nurses understand and work better with the interdisciplinary
team
c. to discourage overreliance on nursing theory alone
3
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OpenStax Clinical Nursing Skills Instructor Answer Guide
d. to encourage other disciplines to learn about nursing theory and integrate it into their
practice
[Answer: B]
6. What is the importance of the evolution of nursing to include evidence-based practice
(EBP)?
a. The emergence of EBP has contributed to the scientific quality of nursing practice. It
integrates research findings into nursing practice, ensuring that decisions are based on
the best available evidence.
b. EBP provides a scientific foundation for informed nursing practice and discourages the
use of other, nonscientific issues such as cultural differences and patient preference in
nursing practice.
c. EBP ensures that nursing practice remains based in tradition and is not adaptable to
changes in current scientific recommendations.
d. EBP provides suggestions to nurses on improving patient care, but the nurse is still able
to reject EBP in clinical practice if they disagree with it.
[Answer: A]
7. In the hierarchy of EBP, the strongest sources of evidence at the top of the hierarchy are
a. randomized controlled trials (RCTs)
b. one-on-one patient interviews
c. case studies
d. systematic reviews and meta-analyses
[Answer: D]
8. What type of nursing theories focus on describing and understanding the lived experiences
of individuals in the context of health care?
a. descriptive
b. hierarchical
c. prescriptive
d. systems
[Answer: A]
9. Identifying potential patient concerns is a step in what part of the nursing process?
a. assessment
b. diagnosis
c. implementation
d. evaluation
[Answer: B]
10. What phase focuses on determining the effectiveness of the nursing interventions and the
progress made toward achieving the established goals?
a. assessment
b. planning
c. intervention
d. evaluation
[Answer: D]
4
For more free, peer-reviewed, openly licensed resources visit OpenStax.org.
9/23/2026
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