NU 578 - Unit 2 f | Questions with 100% Verified Answers | Latest Update 2026/2027

NU 578 - Unit 2 f | Questions with 100% Verified Answers |
Latest Update 2026/2027
Question: Opioids Drugs
Answer: Drugs:

Question: Opioids - MOA
Answer: - Bind to "opiate receptors" in the brain, which disrupts the transmission of pain
signals in
the CNS.
- Mimic actions of endogenous opiates
(endorphins, enkephalins, dynorphins).
- Primarily activate mu receptors, but also activate Kappa

Question: Opioids - Effect
Answer: * Relieve pain & induce euphoria
Also cause sedation, respiratory depression, miosis, constipation, nausea, & suppress the
cough reflex.

Question: Opioids - Uses
Answer: - Pain relief
- Cough suppression
- Relief of dyspnea
- Preoperative sedation

Question: Opioids - Side Effects
Answer: Hypotension
sedation
nausea
itching
miosis
muscle weakness
constipation
Urinary Retention
Biliary Colic
Increased ICP

Question: Treatment of Opioid- Induced Constipation
Answer: methylnaltrexone (Relistor)
naloxegol (Movantik)
Blocks opioid receptors in the GI tract
* Does not cross blood-brain barrier, so does not reverse analgesia

Question: Opioids - Drug Interactions
Answer: CNS depressants!
Anticholinergics
Drugs that lower BP

,Question: Opioids - Contraindications/Warnings
Answer: Decreased respiratory reserve
Labor and delivery
Inflammatory Bowel disease
Head Injury

Question: Opioids - Patient Educaiton
Answer:

Question: Opioid toxicity
Answer: 3 signs:
- coma
- pinpoint pupils
- respiratory depression - may be fatal!

Question: Tolerance
Answer: a state in which a drug user needs larger amounts of the drug to produce the same
effect
on the body

Question: Physical Dependence
Answer: A state in which an abstinence syndrome will occur if drug use is abruptly stopped

Question: Abuse
Answer: drug use that is inconsistent with medical or social norms

Question: Addiction
Answer: disease characterized by and individual pathologically pursuing rewards and relief by
substance use and other behaviors

Question: Full opioid agonists
Answer: - Good for severe pain
- May give a feeling of euphoria
Example: Morphin, codeine, hydromorphone

Question: Partial opioid agonists (Agonist-antagonist)
Answer: - Good for moderate pain
- May act as antagonists at some receptors and
precipitate withdrawal.
Example: pentazocine, Suboxone, buprenorphine, nalbuphine

Question: Partial opioid agonists (Agonist-antagonist) Drugs:
Answer: Pentazocine
Suboxone
Buprenorphine
Nalbuphine

, Question: Partial opioid agonists (Agonist-antagonist) Action
Answer: Acts as antagonists at mu receptors, and agonists at kappa receptors

Question: Buprenorphine (Suboxone) Action:
Answer: Acts as a partial agonist at mu receptors, and an antagonist at kappa receptors

Question: Medications for those with hx of Opioid abuse
Answer: morphine/naltrexone (Embeda)

Question: Opioid antagonists
Answer: Reverse all narcotic effects including pain relief, euphoria, and respiratory depression.

Question: Naloxone (Narcan) Action:
Answer: Competes for opioid receptors, thereby blocking opioid actions
Structural analog of morphine

Question: Tramadol (Ultram) action
Answer: - Weak agonist at mu receptors
- Blocks NE and serotonin uptake, thereby activating monoaminergic spinal inhibition of
pain

Question: Tramadol (Ultram) Drug Interactions
Answer: CNS Depressants
MAOIs
SSRIs/TCAs/Triptans --> Serotonin syndrome

Question: Schedule II Prescribing rules
Answer: 1) Can write several C-II Rx's
on the same day, for the same patient, for the same drug...for up to a 90 day supply.
2) Must indicate the earliest date the patient can fill each Rx and sign and date TODAY'S
date.
3) If patient is in a LTCF or is terminally ill, an Rx may be partially filled. Note this on the
Rx.

Question: CNS Stimulants - Drugs
Answer: amphetamine
Lisdexamphetamine
Dextroamphetamine
Methamphetamine
Methylphenidate
Dexmethylphenidate

Question: CNS Stimulants - Action
Answer: ↑ release of NE & dopamine in CNS
Inhibit reuptake of NE and dopamine