ACI Exam 2 :( comprehensive Questions and Answers with Verified Solutions

ACI Exam 2 :( comprehensive Questions
and Answers with Verified Solutions
Question 1:
Normal blood pH 7.35-7.45

Answer:



Question 2:
pH < 7.35

Answer:
Acidosis (more H+ ions)


Question 3:
pH > 7.45

Answer:
Alkalosis (fewer H+ ions)


Question 4:
3 acid-base regulatory systems

Answer:
Buffers (fastest), respiratory system (minutes-hours), renal system (2-3
days, but lasts indefinitely)

,Question 5:
Carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer ratio

Answer:
20 parts bicarbonate : 1 part carbonic acid = normal pH


Question 6:
Respiratory system compensation for acidosis

Answer:
Increases rate/depth of breathing to blow off CO2


Question 7:
Respiratory system compensation for alkalosis

Answer:
Decreases rate/depth of breathing to retain CO2


Question 8:
Renal system's 3 mechanisms of acid elimination

Answer:
Secrete free H+, combine H+ with ammonia to form ammonium, excrete
weak acids


Question 9:
Respiratory acidosis - cause

Answer:
Hypoventilation/respiratory failure -> CO2 (carbonic acid) excess

, Question 10:
Respiratory acidosis - compensation

Answer:
Kidneys conserve HCO3- and secrete H+ into urine (takes ~24 hrs to
start)


Question 11:
Respiratory alkalosis - cause

Answer:
Hyperventilation, hypoxemia from acute pulmonary disorders, anxiety,
pain, CNS disorders -> CO2 deficit


Question 12:
Respiratory alkalosis - compensation

Answer:
Rare if acute; chronic cases show renal excretion of HCO3-


Question 13:
Metabolic acidosis - causes

Answer:
DKA/ketoacidosis, lactic acidosis (shock), severe diarrhea, kidney
disease


Question 14:
Metabolic acidosis - compensation

Answer:
Kussmaul respirations (deep, rapid) to blow off CO2; kidneys excrete acid