Ignatavicius Medical-Surgical Nursing 6th Edition Questions and Answers 2026 |
Multiple-Choice Practice Questions, Rationales & Exam Study Guide
Thexclientxhasxdryxskinxandxaxhistoryxofxcardiovascularxdisease.xWhichxisxthexbestxinterventionxforxthexn
ursextoxteachxthexclient?
a.x"Wearxpajamasxtoxcoverxyourxlegsxatxnight."
b.x"Avoidxwearingxstockings."
c.x"Increasexyourxfluidxintakextox3xL/day."
d.x"Bathexinxwarmxwaterxandxthenxapplyxlotionximmediately."x-xcorrectxanswerx ✅ANS:xD
Thexclientxshouldxbathexinxwarmxwaterxforxatxleastx20xminutesxandxthenxapplyxlotionximmediatelyxbeca
usexthisxwillxkeepxthexmoisturexinxthexskin.xCoveringxthexlegsxatxnightxwillxnotxincreasexmoisture.xIncrea
singxfluidxintakextox3xL/dayxwouldxnotxbexrecommendedxforxaxclientxwithxaxhistoryxofxcardiovascularxdis
ease.xStockingsxmayxdryxthexskin,xsoxthexbestxinterventionxisxtoxkeepxmoisturexinxthexskinxwithxlotion.
Whichxinterventionxwillxbestxassistxthexclientxwithxpruritus?
a.x"Avoidxactivitiesxandxenvironmentsxthatxincreasexperspiration."
b.x"Drinkingxalcoholicxbeveragesxwillxdecreasexstimulationxofxthexitchxreceptors."
c.x"Wearxclothingxtoxkeepxthexskinxwarm."
d.x"Avoidximmersingxthexaffectedxareasxinxwater."x-xcorrectxanswerx ✅ANS:xA
Pruritusxisxexacerbatedxbyxpoorxskinxhydration,xincreasedxskinxtemperature,xperspiration,xandxvasodilati
on.xDrinkingxalcoholicxbeveragesxwillxfurtherxdehydratexclients.xWarmxclothingxwillxvasodilate,xaddingxt
oxdehydration.xWarmxbathsxarexrecommended,xwithxlotionxappliedximmediatelyxafterward.
Whichxprecautionxwillxthexnursexteachxthexclientxwithxurticariaxwhoxisxprescribedxtoxtakexdiphenhydram
inex(Benadryl)?
a.x"Avoidxsunxexposure."
b.x"Avoidxalcoholicxbeverages."
c.x"Avoidxaspirinxorxaspirin-containingxdrugs."
d.x"Avoidxweightxgain."x-xcorrectxanswerx ✅ANS:xB
Benadrylxisxanxantihistaminexthatxwillxdecreasexitching.xForxmostxpeople,xdiphenhydraminexcausesxdro
wsiness.xThisxsidexeffectxisxintensifiedxwhenxalcoholxalsoxisxconsumed,xplacingxthexclientxatxincreasedxris
kxforxinjuryxandxfalling.xAspirinxwillxnotxinteractxwithxthisxmedication.xWeightxgainxandxsunxexposurexsh
ouldxnotxaffectxthexadministrationxofxthexdrug.
,Whenxchangingxthexdressingxonxaxpartial-
thicknessxwound,xaxnursexobservesxsmall,xpalexpinkxbumpsxwithinxthexwoundxbed.xWhichxisxthexnurse'sx
bestxaction?
a.xRemovingxthexbumpsxwithxaxsterilexscalpel
b.xDocumentingxandxcontinuingxcurrentxtreatment
c.xCleaningxthexwoundxvigorously,xwipingxoffxthexbumps
d.xCulturingxthexwoundxandxplacingxthexclientxonxcontactxprecautionsx-xcorrectxanswerx ✅ANS:xB
Thexsmall,xpalexpinkxbumpsxarexgranulationxtissuexcharacteristicxofxnewxcapillaryxbedxgrowth,xanxindicat
ionxofxproperxwoundxhealing.xThexnursexshouldxcontinuexcurrentxtreatmentxandxassessments.xAttempti
ngxtoxremovexthexbumpsxinxanyxwayxcanxinterferexwithxhealing.
Whichxnursingxinterventionxisxbestxforxthexnursextoxusextoxenhancexhealingxofxax1-week-oldxpartial-
thicknessxwound?
a.xUsingxpapain-ureax(Accuzyme)xcreamxasxordered
b.xRestrictingxthexclient'sxfluidxintake
c.xCoveringxthexwoundxwithxanxairtightxdressing
d.xApplyingxhydrocortisonexcreamxasxorderedx-xcorrectxanswerx ✅ANS:xA
Thexpresencexofxnecroticxtissuexretardsxepithelializationxandxgranulationxdevelopment.xAccuzymexisxaxc
reamxthatxremovesxnecroticxtissue.xRestrictingxfluidxandxcoveringxthexwoundxwillxdeprivexthexnewxtissu
exofxnutritionxandxwillxnotxenhancexhealing.xHydrocortisonexcreamxmayxdecreasexitchingxbutxwillxnotxen
hancexhealing.
Whichxisxthexpriorityxnursingxdiagnosisxforxthexclientxgoingxhomexwithxaxsurgicalxwoundxonxthexcoccyxxt
hatxisxtoxhealxbyxsecondxintention?
a.xAcutexPain
b.xRiskxforxInfection
c.xDisturbedxBodyxImage
d.xRiskxforxDeficientxFluidxVolumex-xcorrectxanswerx ✅ANS:xB
Anyxwoundxleftxtoxhealxbyxsecondxintentionxisxanxopenxwoundxandxisxatxriskxforxinfection.xUsually,xwithi
nx2xdaysxafterxthexsurgery,xdiscomfortxisxminimalxandxthexwoundxisxnotxdrainingxsufficientlyxforxthexclie
nt'sxfluidxbalancextoxbexdeficient.xThexclientxcouldxhavexaxdisturbedxbodyximagexinxthisxsituation,xalthou
, ghxwoundsxonxthexcoccyxxarexnotxvisiblextoxthexpublic.xHowever,xthexpriorityxinxthisxsituationxisxtoxprev
entxinfection.
Whichxnursingxinterventionxwillxbestxassistxaxclientxwhoxisxbedriddenxtoxkeepxskinxintact?
a.xKeepingxthexskinxdry
b.xRepositioningxthexclientxeveryx2xhours
c.xUsingxaxfoamxmattressxpad
d.xUsingxaxliftxsheetxtoxmovexthexclientxupxinxbedx-xcorrectxanswerx ✅ANS:xD
Frictionxforcesxarexgeneratedxwhenxthexclientxisxdraggedxorxpulledxacrossxbedxlinen.xUsingxaxliftxsheetxw
illxpreventxfriction.xKeepingxthexskinxdryxwillxnotxkeepxskinxintact.xResearchxactuallyxrecommendsxturnin
gxthexclientxeveryx20xminutesxtoxminimizexvasoconstrictionxfromxdependency.xAxfoamxmattressxwillxnot
xsignificantlyxdecreasexpressurextoxanxarea.
AxnursexdeterminesxaxclientxasxhavingxaxBradenxscalexscorexofx9.xWhichxisxthexnurse'sxbestxinterventionx
relatedxtoxthisxassessment?
a.xEncouragingxthexclientxtoxlayxasxstillxasxpossiblexinxbed
b.xReassessingxthexclientxweekly
c.xIncreasingxthexclient'sxfluidxintakexdaily
d.xConsultingxwithxthexhealthxcarexproviderxaboutxincreasedxinterventionsx-
xcorrectxanswerx ✅ANS:xD
Axscorexofx11xorxlessxonxthexBradenxscalexindicatesxseverexriskxforxpressurexulcerxdevelopmentxinxterms
xofxdecreasedxsensoryxperception,xexposurextoxmoisture,xdecreasedxindependentxactivity,xdecreasedxm
obility,xpoorxnutrition,xandxchronicxexposurextoxfrictionxandxshear.
Whichxclientxisxatxgreatestxriskxforxpressurexulcerxdevelopment?
a.xClientxwhoxhasxpneumonia
b.xClientxwhoxrequiresxassistancexwithxambulation
c.xOlderxclientxwithxhypertension
d.xIncontinentxclientxwithxlimitedxmobilityx-xcorrectxanswerx ✅ANS:xD
Thexclientxwhoxisxconfinedxtoxaxchairxhasxthexmostxriskxfactors.xBeingximmobilexandxincontinentxarextwo
xsignificantxriskxfactorsxforxthexdevelopmentxofxdecubiti.
Multiple-Choice Practice Questions, Rationales & Exam Study Guide
Thexclientxhasxdryxskinxandxaxhistoryxofxcardiovascularxdisease.xWhichxisxthexbestxinterventionxforxthexn
ursextoxteachxthexclient?
a.x"Wearxpajamasxtoxcoverxyourxlegsxatxnight."
b.x"Avoidxwearingxstockings."
c.x"Increasexyourxfluidxintakextox3xL/day."
d.x"Bathexinxwarmxwaterxandxthenxapplyxlotionximmediately."x-xcorrectxanswerx ✅ANS:xD
Thexclientxshouldxbathexinxwarmxwaterxforxatxleastx20xminutesxandxthenxapplyxlotionximmediatelyxbeca
usexthisxwillxkeepxthexmoisturexinxthexskin.xCoveringxthexlegsxatxnightxwillxnotxincreasexmoisture.xIncrea
singxfluidxintakextox3xL/dayxwouldxnotxbexrecommendedxforxaxclientxwithxaxhistoryxofxcardiovascularxdis
ease.xStockingsxmayxdryxthexskin,xsoxthexbestxinterventionxisxtoxkeepxmoisturexinxthexskinxwithxlotion.
Whichxinterventionxwillxbestxassistxthexclientxwithxpruritus?
a.x"Avoidxactivitiesxandxenvironmentsxthatxincreasexperspiration."
b.x"Drinkingxalcoholicxbeveragesxwillxdecreasexstimulationxofxthexitchxreceptors."
c.x"Wearxclothingxtoxkeepxthexskinxwarm."
d.x"Avoidximmersingxthexaffectedxareasxinxwater."x-xcorrectxanswerx ✅ANS:xA
Pruritusxisxexacerbatedxbyxpoorxskinxhydration,xincreasedxskinxtemperature,xperspiration,xandxvasodilati
on.xDrinkingxalcoholicxbeveragesxwillxfurtherxdehydratexclients.xWarmxclothingxwillxvasodilate,xaddingxt
oxdehydration.xWarmxbathsxarexrecommended,xwithxlotionxappliedximmediatelyxafterward.
Whichxprecautionxwillxthexnursexteachxthexclientxwithxurticariaxwhoxisxprescribedxtoxtakexdiphenhydram
inex(Benadryl)?
a.x"Avoidxsunxexposure."
b.x"Avoidxalcoholicxbeverages."
c.x"Avoidxaspirinxorxaspirin-containingxdrugs."
d.x"Avoidxweightxgain."x-xcorrectxanswerx ✅ANS:xB
Benadrylxisxanxantihistaminexthatxwillxdecreasexitching.xForxmostxpeople,xdiphenhydraminexcausesxdro
wsiness.xThisxsidexeffectxisxintensifiedxwhenxalcoholxalsoxisxconsumed,xplacingxthexclientxatxincreasedxris
kxforxinjuryxandxfalling.xAspirinxwillxnotxinteractxwithxthisxmedication.xWeightxgainxandxsunxexposurexsh
ouldxnotxaffectxthexadministrationxofxthexdrug.
,Whenxchangingxthexdressingxonxaxpartial-
thicknessxwound,xaxnursexobservesxsmall,xpalexpinkxbumpsxwithinxthexwoundxbed.xWhichxisxthexnurse'sx
bestxaction?
a.xRemovingxthexbumpsxwithxaxsterilexscalpel
b.xDocumentingxandxcontinuingxcurrentxtreatment
c.xCleaningxthexwoundxvigorously,xwipingxoffxthexbumps
d.xCulturingxthexwoundxandxplacingxthexclientxonxcontactxprecautionsx-xcorrectxanswerx ✅ANS:xB
Thexsmall,xpalexpinkxbumpsxarexgranulationxtissuexcharacteristicxofxnewxcapillaryxbedxgrowth,xanxindicat
ionxofxproperxwoundxhealing.xThexnursexshouldxcontinuexcurrentxtreatmentxandxassessments.xAttempti
ngxtoxremovexthexbumpsxinxanyxwayxcanxinterferexwithxhealing.
Whichxnursingxinterventionxisxbestxforxthexnursextoxusextoxenhancexhealingxofxax1-week-oldxpartial-
thicknessxwound?
a.xUsingxpapain-ureax(Accuzyme)xcreamxasxordered
b.xRestrictingxthexclient'sxfluidxintake
c.xCoveringxthexwoundxwithxanxairtightxdressing
d.xApplyingxhydrocortisonexcreamxasxorderedx-xcorrectxanswerx ✅ANS:xA
Thexpresencexofxnecroticxtissuexretardsxepithelializationxandxgranulationxdevelopment.xAccuzymexisxaxc
reamxthatxremovesxnecroticxtissue.xRestrictingxfluidxandxcoveringxthexwoundxwillxdeprivexthexnewxtissu
exofxnutritionxandxwillxnotxenhancexhealing.xHydrocortisonexcreamxmayxdecreasexitchingxbutxwillxnotxen
hancexhealing.
Whichxisxthexpriorityxnursingxdiagnosisxforxthexclientxgoingxhomexwithxaxsurgicalxwoundxonxthexcoccyxxt
hatxisxtoxhealxbyxsecondxintention?
a.xAcutexPain
b.xRiskxforxInfection
c.xDisturbedxBodyxImage
d.xRiskxforxDeficientxFluidxVolumex-xcorrectxanswerx ✅ANS:xB
Anyxwoundxleftxtoxhealxbyxsecondxintentionxisxanxopenxwoundxandxisxatxriskxforxinfection.xUsually,xwithi
nx2xdaysxafterxthexsurgery,xdiscomfortxisxminimalxandxthexwoundxisxnotxdrainingxsufficientlyxforxthexclie
nt'sxfluidxbalancextoxbexdeficient.xThexclientxcouldxhavexaxdisturbedxbodyximagexinxthisxsituation,xalthou
, ghxwoundsxonxthexcoccyxxarexnotxvisiblextoxthexpublic.xHowever,xthexpriorityxinxthisxsituationxisxtoxprev
entxinfection.
Whichxnursingxinterventionxwillxbestxassistxaxclientxwhoxisxbedriddenxtoxkeepxskinxintact?
a.xKeepingxthexskinxdry
b.xRepositioningxthexclientxeveryx2xhours
c.xUsingxaxfoamxmattressxpad
d.xUsingxaxliftxsheetxtoxmovexthexclientxupxinxbedx-xcorrectxanswerx ✅ANS:xD
Frictionxforcesxarexgeneratedxwhenxthexclientxisxdraggedxorxpulledxacrossxbedxlinen.xUsingxaxliftxsheetxw
illxpreventxfriction.xKeepingxthexskinxdryxwillxnotxkeepxskinxintact.xResearchxactuallyxrecommendsxturnin
gxthexclientxeveryx20xminutesxtoxminimizexvasoconstrictionxfromxdependency.xAxfoamxmattressxwillxnot
xsignificantlyxdecreasexpressurextoxanxarea.
AxnursexdeterminesxaxclientxasxhavingxaxBradenxscalexscorexofx9.xWhichxisxthexnurse'sxbestxinterventionx
relatedxtoxthisxassessment?
a.xEncouragingxthexclientxtoxlayxasxstillxasxpossiblexinxbed
b.xReassessingxthexclientxweekly
c.xIncreasingxthexclient'sxfluidxintakexdaily
d.xConsultingxwithxthexhealthxcarexproviderxaboutxincreasedxinterventionsx-
xcorrectxanswerx ✅ANS:xD
Axscorexofx11xorxlessxonxthexBradenxscalexindicatesxseverexriskxforxpressurexulcerxdevelopmentxinxterms
xofxdecreasedxsensoryxperception,xexposurextoxmoisture,xdecreasedxindependentxactivity,xdecreasedxm
obility,xpoorxnutrition,xandxchronicxexposurextoxfrictionxandxshear.
Whichxclientxisxatxgreatestxriskxforxpressurexulcerxdevelopment?
a.xClientxwhoxhasxpneumonia
b.xClientxwhoxrequiresxassistancexwithxambulation
c.xOlderxclientxwithxhypertension
d.xIncontinentxclientxwithxlimitedxmobilityx-xcorrectxanswerx ✅ANS:xD
Thexclientxwhoxisxconfinedxtoxaxchairxhasxthexmostxriskxfactors.xBeingximmobilexandxincontinentxarextwo
xsignificantxriskxfactorsxforxthexdevelopmentxofxdecubiti.
