,NR 283 Pathophysiology Exam 3 Chamberlain
College of Nursing Q & A 2026/2027 Edition
1. A patient presents with low T3 and T4 levels and an elevated TSH level. What does this
indicate?
A. Primary hypothyroidism from a thyroid gland problem
B. Secondary hypothyroidism from a pituitary problem
C. Hyperthyroidism from Graves' disease
D. Euthyroid sick syndrome
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Low T3 and T4 with high TSH indicates primary hypothyroidism. The thyroid gland is
failing to produce adequate thyroid hormone, so the pituitary gland increases TSH production in
an attempt to stimulate the thyroid.
2. Which condition is characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin due to autoimmune
destruction of pancreatic beta cells?
A. Type 2 diabetes mellitus
B. Type 1 diabetes mellitus
C. Diabetes insipidus
D. Cushing's syndrome
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the destruction
of pancreatic beta cells, leading to an absolute deficiency of insulin.
,3. Which hormone deficiency is responsible for the development of diabetes insipidus?
A. Insulin
B. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
C. Aldosterone
D. Cortisol
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Diabetes insipidus is caused by a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which
leads to excessive water loss through the kidneys and dilute urine output.
4. Cushing's syndrome is caused by an excess of which hormone?
A. Cortisol
B. Aldosterone
C. Insulin
D. Thyroxine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cushing's syndrome is caused by an excess of cortisol, which leads to sodium and
water retention, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and protein catabolism.
5. Which clinical manifestation is a hallmark sign of Graves' disease?
A. Weight gain and cold intolerance
B. Exophthalmos and heat intolerance
C. Bradycardia and constipation
, D. Hypotension and hypoglycemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Graves' disease is an autoimmune form of hyperthyroidism characterized by
exophthalmos (bulging eyes), heat intolerance, weight loss, tachycardia, and anxiety.
6. A patient with weight loss, GI disturbances, dehydration, fatigue, and a craving for salty food
probably has which disorder?
A. Cushing's syndrome
B. Addison's disease
C. Hypothyroidism
D. Hyperparathyroidism
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Addison's disease (adrenal insufficiency) is characterized by weight loss, GI
disturbances, dehydration, fatigue, and salt craving due to aldosterone deficiency.
7. Acromegaly is caused by the overproduction of which hormone in adults?
A. Growth hormone
B. Cortisol
C. Thyroxine
D. Insulin
Correct Answer: A
College of Nursing Q & A 2026/2027 Edition
1. A patient presents with low T3 and T4 levels and an elevated TSH level. What does this
indicate?
A. Primary hypothyroidism from a thyroid gland problem
B. Secondary hypothyroidism from a pituitary problem
C. Hyperthyroidism from Graves' disease
D. Euthyroid sick syndrome
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Low T3 and T4 with high TSH indicates primary hypothyroidism. The thyroid gland is
failing to produce adequate thyroid hormone, so the pituitary gland increases TSH production in
an attempt to stimulate the thyroid.
2. Which condition is characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin due to autoimmune
destruction of pancreatic beta cells?
A. Type 2 diabetes mellitus
B. Type 1 diabetes mellitus
C. Diabetes insipidus
D. Cushing's syndrome
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the destruction
of pancreatic beta cells, leading to an absolute deficiency of insulin.
,3. Which hormone deficiency is responsible for the development of diabetes insipidus?
A. Insulin
B. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
C. Aldosterone
D. Cortisol
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Diabetes insipidus is caused by a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which
leads to excessive water loss through the kidneys and dilute urine output.
4. Cushing's syndrome is caused by an excess of which hormone?
A. Cortisol
B. Aldosterone
C. Insulin
D. Thyroxine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cushing's syndrome is caused by an excess of cortisol, which leads to sodium and
water retention, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and protein catabolism.
5. Which clinical manifestation is a hallmark sign of Graves' disease?
A. Weight gain and cold intolerance
B. Exophthalmos and heat intolerance
C. Bradycardia and constipation
, D. Hypotension and hypoglycemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Graves' disease is an autoimmune form of hyperthyroidism characterized by
exophthalmos (bulging eyes), heat intolerance, weight loss, tachycardia, and anxiety.
6. A patient with weight loss, GI disturbances, dehydration, fatigue, and a craving for salty food
probably has which disorder?
A. Cushing's syndrome
B. Addison's disease
C. Hypothyroidism
D. Hyperparathyroidism
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Addison's disease (adrenal insufficiency) is characterized by weight loss, GI
disturbances, dehydration, fatigue, and salt craving due to aldosterone deficiency.
7. Acromegaly is caused by the overproduction of which hormone in adults?
A. Growth hormone
B. Cortisol
C. Thyroxine
D. Insulin
Correct Answer: A
