NURS 251 MIDTERM 2026/2027 | NURS 251
MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS, STUDY GUIDE &
REVIEW
1 of 106
Definition
Prone to ecological fallacy – assigning group characteristics to
individual group members
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allostatic load factors Cohort studies advantages
Ecological studies
Ecological studies advantages
disadvantages
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2 of 106
,Definition
risk of developing disease for exposed vs not-exposed group
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Crude Rate health equity
Relative risk Relative survival time
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3 of 106
Term
epidemiological homeostasis
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-May require large samples if disease
-specific health outcome seen to
is rare
greater/lesser extent in diff pops
-Some diseases take long time to
-health diff linked w/ social,
develop
economic, or environmental
-Definition of a case may change
disadvantage
over time
ecological balance of agent,
host, & environmental symptoms and diagnosis, changes in
conditions that result in a "usual" the agent, and changes in the
, or endemic amount of disease environment
in a pop
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4 of 106
Term
spurious relationship
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-May require large samples if disease
relationship between is rare
exposure/outcome appears to -Some diseases take long time to
be causal but really is the result develop
of flaws in study's design -Definition of a case may change
over time
-Can see when disease develops in
-Monitors for outbreaks
relation to exposure
-Estimates disease risk, if exposed
-Allow calculation of incidence &
-Describes speed of disease spread
relative risk
Don't know?
, 5 of 106
Definition
health status of specified population/community
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population health Median survival time
public health Point source outbreak
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6 of 106
Definition
relationship between exposure/outcome looks real, but really can be
explained by 3rd factor that is both associated with exposure and a
known risk factor for the outcome
Give this one a try later!
reservoirs for disease confounding relationship
Indicated intervention spurious relationship
MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS, STUDY GUIDE &
REVIEW
1 of 106
Definition
Prone to ecological fallacy – assigning group characteristics to
individual group members
Give this one a try later!
allostatic load factors Cohort studies advantages
Ecological studies
Ecological studies advantages
disadvantages
Don't know?
2 of 106
,Definition
risk of developing disease for exposed vs not-exposed group
Give this one a try later!
Crude Rate health equity
Relative risk Relative survival time
Don't know?
3 of 106
Term
epidemiological homeostasis
Give this one a try later!
-May require large samples if disease
-specific health outcome seen to
is rare
greater/lesser extent in diff pops
-Some diseases take long time to
-health diff linked w/ social,
develop
economic, or environmental
-Definition of a case may change
disadvantage
over time
ecological balance of agent,
host, & environmental symptoms and diagnosis, changes in
conditions that result in a "usual" the agent, and changes in the
, or endemic amount of disease environment
in a pop
Don't know?
4 of 106
Term
spurious relationship
Give this one a try later!
-May require large samples if disease
relationship between is rare
exposure/outcome appears to -Some diseases take long time to
be causal but really is the result develop
of flaws in study's design -Definition of a case may change
over time
-Can see when disease develops in
-Monitors for outbreaks
relation to exposure
-Estimates disease risk, if exposed
-Allow calculation of incidence &
-Describes speed of disease spread
relative risk
Don't know?
, 5 of 106
Definition
health status of specified population/community
Give this one a try later!
population health Median survival time
public health Point source outbreak
Don't know?
6 of 106
Definition
relationship between exposure/outcome looks real, but really can be
explained by 3rd factor that is both associated with exposure and a
known risk factor for the outcome
Give this one a try later!
reservoirs for disease confounding relationship
Indicated intervention spurious relationship
